10 Questions
Mineral supply depends on intake ______ related to composition of food
bioavailability
Minerals remain as ______ combustion of plant and animal tissues
ash
Food constituents, e.g., amino acids, proteins, peptides, sugars, polysaccharides, phytin, lignin, and organic acids bind minerals enhance / inhibit ______
absorption
Three classes: 1. MAIN ELEMENTS human beings in amounts > 50 mg/day e.g., Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na, P, S. 2. TRACE ELEMENTS concentrations < 50 mg/day e.g.,Fe, F, Co, Cu, Cr, I, Zn, Se, Mn, Mo, Ni. 3. ULTRA-TRACE ELEMENTS vital elements e.g.,Al, As, B, Ba, Bi, Br, Cs, Cd, Ge, Hg, Li, Pb, Rb, Si, Sn, Sb, Sr, Ti, W. NUTRITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL ROLES Minerals have important nutritional and physiological function. MAIN ELEMENTS Sodium Sodium absorption is ______
rapid
Potassium regulates osmotic pressure within the cell. involved in cell membrane ______
transport
Calcium is essential for the formation of ______ in some body tissues
skeleton
Chloride serves as counter ion for sodium in extracellular fluid and for hydrogen ions in ______
gastric juice
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient and in the form of ______ plays an important role in metabolism
phosphate
Iron is an essential ingredient of daily diet present in hemoglobin (blood) and myoglobin (muscle tissue) ______
pigments
Copper is a component of oxidoreductase enzymes, less desirable than iron in food processing and storage, and catalyzes many unwanted reactions. Cu2+-Ions are ______ bearing. Threshold value 2.4 – 3.
taste
Study Notes
Mineral Supply and Classification
- Mineral supply depends on intake related to the composition of food
- Minerals remain as ash after combustion of plant and animal tissues
Mineral Classification
- There are three classes of minerals: main elements, trace elements, and ultra-trace elements
- Main elements (intake > 50 mg/day): Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na, P, S
- Trace elements (concentrations < 50 mg/day): Fe, F, Co, Cu, Cr, I, Zn, Se, Mn, Mo, Ni
- Ultra-trace elements (vital elements): Al, As, B, Ba, Bi, Br, Cs, Cd, Ge, Hg, Li, Pb, Rb, Si, Sn, Sb, Sr, Ti, W
Nutritional and Functional Roles
- Sodium: essential for sodium absorption
- Potassium: regulates osmotic pressure within the cell and is involved in cell membrane function
- Calcium: essential for the formation of bones and teeth in some body tissues
- Chloride: serves as a counter ion for sodium in extracellular fluid and for hydrogen ions in stomach acid
- Phosphorus: essential nutrient and plays an important role in metabolism in the form of phosphate
- Iron: essential ingredient of daily diet, present in hemoglobin (blood) and myoglobin (muscle tissue), and plays a crucial role in oxygen transport
- Copper: component of oxidoreductase enzymes, catalyst in many unwanted reactions, and Cu2+-Ions are superoxide-bearing with a threshold value of 2.4-3.
Test your knowledge of essential mineral elements found in foods with this quiz. Learn about the key functional roles of minerals and their relatively low concentration in various food sources. Explore the importance of minerals in maintaining overall health and well-being.
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