54 Questions
Which of the following is NOT one of the six organs that make up the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
Liver
Which of the following is an accessory organ involved in the digestive process?
Pancreas
What are the four tunics (layers) that make up the gastrointestinal wall?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for absorption and secretion?
Mucosa
What is the main function of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?
Coordinates mixing and propulsion reflexes
Which tunic of the gastrointestinal tract wall contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves?
Submucosa
What is the main function of the muscularis layer of the gastrointestinal tract?
Controls contractions
Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?
Dissolving food molecules to stimulate taste receptors
Which salivary gland produces the largest amount of saliva?
Parotid gland
What type of cells secrete mucin in the salivary glands?
Mucous cells
How are salivary secretions regulated?
By the brainstem
Which of the following is true about mastication?
It mechanically reduces bulk to facilitate swallowing
What is the hardest substance in the body?
Calcium phosphate crystals
When do permanent teeth usually appear?
During late teens or 20s
What is the function of the superior esophageal sphincter?
To initiate the swallowing reflex
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?
Absorption of nonpolar substances
Which cells in the stomach produce and secrete packets of pepsinogen?
Chief cells
What is the function of intrinsic factor in the stomach?
Required for absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum
Which cells in the stomach secrete the hormone gastrin?
G-cells
Which layer of the peritoneum covers the internal organs' surface?
Visceral peritoneum
What is the primary cause of peritonitis?
GI tract perforation
What is the difference between a short reflex and a long reflex?
Short reflex involves the ENS only, while long reflex involves the CNS and autonomic motor output
Which hormones participate in the regulation of digestion?
Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, motilin
Which of the following is a primary function of stomach motility?
Mixing the bolus to form chyme
What happens during gastric mixing in the stomach?
The size of swallowed particles is reduced
What is the main force that moves chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?
Pressure gradient
What regulates the digestive processes in the stomach?
Nervous reflexes and hormones
Which of the following is NOT one of the six organs that make up the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
Liver
What is the primary cause of peritonitis?
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?
Neutralizing stomach acid
Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for absorption and secretion?
Mucosa
What is the main function of the muscularis layer of the gastrointestinal tract?
Motility
What regulates the digestive processes in the stomach?
Enteric nervous system
What is the function of the superior esophageal sphincter?
To prevent reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
Which of the following is NOT a function of the oral cavity?
Separating oral cavity from nasal cavity
Which salivary gland produces the smallest amount of saliva?
Intrinsic salivary gland
What is the function of the uvula in the oral cavity?
Closing off the posterior entrance into the nasopharynx
What is the primary function of salivary amylase in the oral cavity?
Initiating chemical breakdown of starch
Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Mucosa
What is the function of the inferior esophageal sphincter?
To prevent stomach contents from regurgitating
What is the primary cause of dental caries?
Bacterial production of acids
What is the main force that moves the bolus from the oropharynx to the esophagus during swallowing?
Elevation of soft palate and uvula
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?
Absorption of nutrients
What is the main function of the gastric pit and gland in the stomach?
To produce and secrete gastric juice
Which cells in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid?
Parietal cells
What is the function of chief cells in the stomach?
To produce and secrete packets of pepsinogen
Which of the following is NOT a function of stomach motility?
Breaking down proteins into amino acids
What is the main force that moves chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?
Gastric emptying
What is the function of the superior esophageal sphincter?
To prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus
What is the primary cause of peritonitis?
Perforation of the stomach or duodenum
Which of the following is true about the peritoneum?
It secretes lubricating serous fluid to allow abdominal organs to move freely.
Which of the following is NOT an intraperitoneal organ?
Duodenum
What is the primary function of the greater omentum?
To cover most abdominal organs and accumulate adipose tissue
What is the main difference between a short reflex and a long reflex in the regulation of the digestive system?
A short reflex is a local reflex that only involves the ENS, while a long reflex involves sensory input to the CNS and autonomic motor output.
Test your knowledge on the esophageal phase of the swallowing process with this quiz. Learn about the involuntary contractions that propel the bolus towards the stomach and the role of the esophageal sphincters.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
