Chapter 26 Practice Questions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the six organs that make up the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

  • Liver (correct)
  • Esophagus
  • Small intestine
  • Stomach

Which of the following is an accessory organ involved in the digestive process?

  • Pancreas (correct)
  • Small intestine
  • Stomach
  • Large intestine

What are the four tunics (layers) that make up the gastrointestinal wall?

  • Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa (correct)
  • Mucosa, muscularis interna, serosa, adventitia
  • Mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, adventitia
  • Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis interna, serosa

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for absorption and secretion?

<p>Mucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

<p>Coordinates mixing and propulsion reflexes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tunic of the gastrointestinal tract wall contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves?

<p>Submucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the muscularis layer of the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Controls contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

<p>Dissolving food molecules to stimulate taste receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which salivary gland produces the largest amount of saliva?

<p>Parotid gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells secrete mucin in the salivary glands?

<p>Mucous cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are salivary secretions regulated?

<p>By the brainstem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about mastication?

<p>It mechanically reduces bulk to facilitate swallowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hardest substance in the body?

<p>Calcium phosphate crystals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do permanent teeth usually appear?

<p>During late teens or 20s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superior esophageal sphincter?

<p>To initiate the swallowing reflex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

<p>Absorption of nonpolar substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the stomach produce and secrete packets of pepsinogen?

<p>Chief cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intrinsic factor in the stomach?

<p>Required for absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the stomach secrete the hormone gastrin?

<p>G-cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the peritoneum covers the internal organs' surface?

<p>Visceral peritoneum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of peritonitis?

<p>GI tract perforation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a short reflex and a long reflex?

<p>Short reflex involves the ENS only, while long reflex involves the CNS and autonomic motor output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones participate in the regulation of digestion?

<p>Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, motilin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of stomach motility?

<p>Mixing the bolus to form chyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during gastric mixing in the stomach?

<p>The size of swallowed particles is reduced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main force that moves chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?

<p>Pressure gradient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the digestive processes in the stomach?

<p>Nervous reflexes and hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the six organs that make up the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of peritonitis?

<p>Inflammation of the peritoneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

<p>Neutralizing stomach acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for absorption and secretion?

<p>Mucosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the muscularis layer of the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Motility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the digestive processes in the stomach?

<p>Enteric nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superior esophageal sphincter?

<p>To prevent reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the oral cavity?

<p>Separating oral cavity from nasal cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which salivary gland produces the smallest amount of saliva?

<p>Intrinsic salivary gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the uvula in the oral cavity?

<p>Closing off the posterior entrance into the nasopharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of salivary amylase in the oral cavity?

<p>Initiating chemical breakdown of starch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

<p>Mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inferior esophageal sphincter?

<p>To prevent stomach contents from regurgitating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of dental caries?

<p>Bacterial production of acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main force that moves the bolus from the oropharynx to the esophagus during swallowing?

<p>Elevation of soft palate and uvula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

<p>Absorption of nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the gastric pit and gland in the stomach?

<p>To produce and secrete gastric juice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid?

<p>Parietal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chief cells in the stomach?

<p>To produce and secrete packets of pepsinogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of stomach motility?

<p>Breaking down proteins into amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main force that moves chyme from the stomach into the duodenum?

<p>Gastric emptying (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the superior esophageal sphincter?

<p>To prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of peritonitis?

<p>Perforation of the stomach or duodenum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the peritoneum?

<p>It secretes lubricating serous fluid to allow abdominal organs to move freely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an intraperitoneal organ?

<p>Duodenum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the greater omentum?

<p>To cover most abdominal organs and accumulate adipose tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a short reflex and a long reflex in the regulation of the digestive system?

<p>A short reflex is a local reflex that only involves the ENS, while a long reflex involves sensory input to the CNS and autonomic motor output. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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