Chapter 26 Quiz on Plains Indians and Sioux

Plains Indians and Native American Tribes

• Plains Indians significantly threatened western settlers due to their access to rifles and horses.
• The Sioux tribe adapted to the Midwest, relying on buffalo for sustenance and materials while facing displacement from their lands.
• Nez Perce were notable for fleeing U.S. troops, nearly reaching Canada before capture.
• The Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890 marked the end of the Indian Wars with the massacre of 300 unarmed Native Americans.

Major Events and Legislation

• Colonel Chivington led a massacre of over 100 Cheyenne at Sand Creek.
• Fetterman’s Massacre occurred on December 21, 1866, when 1,500 Sioux ambushed and killed Fetterman's troop.
• The Treaty of Fort Laramie recognized Native American control over the central plains.
• The Dawes Severalty Act aimed to assimilate Native Americans through land grants, but proved disastrous.

Cultural and Social Attempts

• Helen Hunt Jackson’s "A Century of Dishonor" exposed broken promises to Native Americans, highlighting forced assimilation efforts.
• Carlisle Indian School was a failed attempt to integrate Native American children into U.S. culture through education.

Economic Developments

• The Comstock Lode, discovered in 1858, led to a silver rush, attracting migrants to Nevada.
• Pikes Peak gold discovery in 1858 spurred migratory rushes to Dakota, Montana, and Colorado.
• The Homestead Act of 1862 facilitated land acquisition for settlers under certain conditions.
• Cash crops, like wheat, were essential for generating income on new lands.

Agricultural Innovations and Organizations

• Joseph Glidden invented barbed wire, transforming farming and cattle ranching.
• The National Grange aimed to improve the lives of isolated farmers.
• The Farmers Alliance sought to reduce railroad and interest rates while advocating for monetary reform.

Political Movements and Economic Crises

• The Populist Party, formed in 1892, represented farmers’ interests, advocating for silver coinage and regulation of monopolies.
• The Panic of 1893 was a major economic depression caused by over-extensions in the railroad sector, leading to widespread bank failures.
• Eugene V. Debs led the American Railway Union and was jailed following the Pullman Strike, which protested wage cuts without rent reductions in company towns.

Key Figures

• William McKinley, the 25th president, was influential during the Spanish-American War and was assassinated by an anarchist.
• William Jennings Bryan was a prominent politician and three-time presidential candidate, known for his populist views and later served as Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson.

Miscellaneous

• Sooners were individuals who staked land claims in Oklahoma before official land races began.
• "Helldorados" referred to boomtowns that developed rapidly around mining and resource extraction.
• The term "Front Line" became obsolete by 1890 as previously unsettled areas were incorporated.

These notes encapsulate crucial historical facts and highlight the conflicts, social changes, and significant figures of this period in American history.

This quiz covers key concepts related to Plains Indians and Sioux from Chapter 26. Learn about their impact on western settlers and their adaptation to life with horses and buffalo. Test your knowledge of these significant historical groups.