Erythropoiesis and Red Blood Cell Development

Erythropoietin

About 120 days

Hypoxia

<p>High levels of oxyhaemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leukocytes (white blood cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A physiological problem, e.g. infection, trauma or malignancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elimination of parasites, such as worms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elimination of parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintain normal plasma osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibodies (immunoglobulins)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport of gas, mainly oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flat bones, irregular bones, and the ends of long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oxygen, nutrients, hormones, heat, antibodies, cells of the immune system, clotting factors, wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>plasma constitutes 55% of the volume of blood, and the cell fraction 45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>by centrifugation (spinning) or by simple gravity when blood is allowed to stand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>about 7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>about 80 mL/kg body weight in males and 70 mL/kg in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintains a fairly constant environment for body cells by keeping blood volume and the concentration of blood constituents within narrow limits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat produced from metabolically active organs is distributed around the body by the bloodstream, maintaining core body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrifugation (spinning) or simple gravity when blood is allowed to stand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting tissue inflammation by releasing toxic chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparin (an anticoagulant), histamine (an inflammatory agent), and other substances that promote inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mast cells are fixed in the tissues, while basophils are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actively phagocytic and synthesizing/releasing an array of biologically active chemicals, including cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pluripotent stem cells in red bone marrow and precursors in lymphoid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances contained in the granules of platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 8 and 11 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of prothrombin activator</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thromboplastin initiates coagulation by activating the extrinsic pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin K helps synthesize factors II, VII, IX, and X.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrinolysis, which involves the breakdown of fibrin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intrinsic pathway is triggered when blood comes into contact with damaged blood vessel lining (endothelium).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmin breaks down fibrin, progressively removing the clot to allow tissue repair to proceed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control and braking mechanisms include the smoothness of normal blood vessel lining, deactivation of activated clotting factors by anticoagulants, and clearance of activated clotting factors by the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparin and antithrombin III deactivate activated clotting factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extrinsic pathway is activated rapidly (within seconds) following tissue damage, when thromboplastin or tissue factor is released from damaged tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers