Error Variance in Within-Subjects Design

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What is the matched-pairs design equivalent to?

The matched multigroup design

The between-subjects design

The within-subjects design

The randomized multi-group design (correct)

What is the main advantage of within-subjects designs?

They are more suitable for complex designs

They are less prone to subject attrition

They reduce error variance due to individual differences among subjects (correct)

They are less demanding on subjects

What is a potential source of carryover effects in within-subjects designs?

Learning (correct)

Motivation

Attention

Memory

What is a disadvantage of within-subjects designs?

They are more demanding on subjects Signup and view all the answers

What is habituation in the context of within-subjects designs?

Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Why may subjects compare treatments in within-subjects designs?

Because they are exposed to multiple treatments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of holding extraneous variables constant in a single-factor randomized groups design?

To isolate the effect of the independent variable Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of the randomized two-group design?

It provides limited information about the effect of the independent variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a parametric design and a nonparametric design?

The type of differences between the levels of the independent variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a randomized multiple-group design over a randomized two-group design?

It provides more information about the effect of the independent variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a single-factor randomized groups design?

To compare the means of two groups Signup and view all the answers

Why is the randomized two-group design considered a simple design?

It involves a simple analysis and requires fewer subjects Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of counterbalancing in a within-subjects design?

To measure the size of carryover effects Signup and view all the answers

What type of design is used when the number of treatment orders is equal to the number of treatments?

The Latin Square Design Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adaptation in a within-subjects design?

Earlier results may differ from later ones Signup and view all the answers

When is a within-subjects design most suitable?

When subject variables are correlated with the dependent variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of making treatment order an independent variable?

To measure the size of carryover effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using techniques such as pre-training, practice sessions, or rest periods between treatments?

To reduce some forms of carryover effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a major source of error variance in a within-subjects design?

Individual differences among subjects Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of randomizing error variance across groups?

To distribute error variance equivalently across levels of the independent variable Signup and view all the answers

What can be done to reduce error variance in a within-subjects design?

Hold extraneous variables constant by treating subjects similarly Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of statistical analysis in handling error variance?

To estimate the probability that observed differences are due to error variance Signup and view all the answers

What can be done to increase the effectiveness of the independent variable?

Use a strong manipulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using random assignment of subjects to levels of the independent variable?

It equalizes error variance across groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a factorial design?

It enables the evaluation of the main effects of each independent variable and their interactions Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the effect of one independent variable changes over levels of a second independent variable?

An interaction is observed Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the separate effect of each independent variable in a factorial design?

Main effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adding more independent variables to a factorial design?

The complexity of the design and the number of possible main effects and interactions increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a factorial design and a single-factor design?

The number of independent variables manipulated Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a factorial design with more than two independent variables?

Higher-order factorial design Signup and view all the answers