Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
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Questions and Answers

What is an example of the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage?

A preschooler insisting on picking out her own clothes, no matter how mismatched they are.

The central theme of Erikson's theory of psychosocial stages was the development of?

Ego identity

What do people face during each psychosocial stage that can serve as a turning point in development?

Conflict

The stage that occurs between birth and one year of age is concerned with?

<p>Trust vs. mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many stages of psychosocial development did Erikson describe?

<p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

The crisis that arises in young adulthood is concerned with?

<p>Intimacy vs. isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eric Erikson's interest in identity developed as a result of?

<p>Discovering his parents had lied to him about his parentage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a child struggles to do well in school, what problem might emerge?

<p>Struggle with feelings of inferiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

Successfully completing the 8th stage of psychosocial development leads to the emergence of what quality?

<p>Wisdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are all the stages of psychosocial development in order?

<ol> <li>Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 3. Initiative and Guilt 4. Industry vs. Inferiority 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation 8. Integrity vs. Despair</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Self-reliance and independence of thought refer to what term?

<p>Autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

During this stage, they begin to explore their surroundings. The main event is _____

<p>Walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

The capability to devise actions or projects and a confidence to do so is called?

<p>Initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

At this stage, a child wants to begin and complete their own actions for a purpose?

<p>Initiative vs. Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children aged 3-6 are not bad or naughty, rather they are exploring and learning?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Purposeful or meaningful activity that develops competence and skills is referred to as?

<p>Industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feelings of uselessness and low self-esteem refer to what term?

<p>Inferiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Erikson view as critical for the development of self-confidence?

<p>Elementary school</p> Signup and view all the answers

Means how a person sees themselves in relation to their world?

<p>Identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The negative perspective of an absence of identity is called?

<p>Role confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

This stage coincides with puberty and the struggle to be accepted is called?

<p>Identity vs. Role Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of achieving relationships with family and partners is known as?

<p>Intimacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Being and feeling excluded from the usual life experiences is characterized by what term?

<p>Isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The strong reciprocal feature in intimacy involves?

<p>Giving and receiving</p> Signup and view all the answers

The unconditional giving that characterizes positive parental love is known as?

<p>Generativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The big question associated with Generativity is?

<p>Can I make my life count?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-interest and self-absorption characterize what term?

<p>Stagnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feelings at peace with oneself and the world indicates what quality?

<p>Integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feelings of wasted opportunities and regrets lead to what term?

<p>Despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

This is a reviewing and closing stage; the big question is: 'Is it OK to have been me?' What stage is this?

<p>Integrity vs. Despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isolation is characterized by what 3 things?

<p>Loneliness, alienation, social withdrawal or non-participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Erikson's theory is what kind of theory?

<p>Psychosocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Erikson is famous for which phrase?

<p>Identity Crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychological means?

<p>Mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social means?

<p>Relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

In each stage, what happens?

<p>A person confronts and hopefully masters new challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the challenges are not completed successfully, these challenges can reappear as what in the future?

<p>Problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can kids overcome fear?

<p>Through various methods, although specifics were not provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 ways children learn fears?

<p>Respondent conditioning, imitation, symbolic representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons why a child experiences anger?

<p>If they are sick, hungry, uncomfortable, or tired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A combination of all the behavioral characteristics usually shown by that person refers to?

<p>Personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coming from within refers to?

<p>Endogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the baby looks concerned or fearful when strangers approach, it is called?

<p>Stranger anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

Response triggered by something outside of self is referred to as?

<p>Exogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition in which a baby does not grow and develop properly is known as?

<p>Failure to thrive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 general personality types?

<p>Sensitive, placid, aggressive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-concern refers to?

<p>Self-concern</p> Signup and view all the answers

How you see yourself is referred to as?

<p>Self-concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

Occurs between the ages 2-3, when a toddler's responses can contradict their desires?

<p>Negativism</p> Signup and view all the answers

A response to real, imagined, or threatened loss of affection is called?

<p>Jealousy</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is our first real social relationship established through physical contact and expressions of love?

<p>Attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the ability to put oneself in another's place?

<p>Empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is a fear of being away from parents or caregivers?

<p>Separation anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

A feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by someone else's possessions is known as?

<p>Envy</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is a process of learning to interact with others and forming relationships?

<p>Social development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Competition between siblings for parental attention is called?

<p>Sibling rivalry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 6 types of play?

<ol> <li>Unoccupied play 2. Solitary play 3. Onlooker play 4. Parallel play 5. Associative play 6. Cooperative play</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

When does stranger anxiety reach its peak?

<p>7-8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age would a child be first affected by a sibling?

<p>Around birth or when they are introduced to a sibling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

This smile is present at birth; physical reactions triggered by the nervous system are called?

<p>Reflexive smiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

These smiles occur at about 8 weeks when babies smile at faces; they are called?

<p>Non-selective smiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

These smiles appear around 3 1/2 months and are directed primarily at parents and caregivers. What are they called?

<p>Selective smiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Erikson's theory based on?

<p>Social expectations (socialization)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does separation anxiety first commonly occur?

<p>Between the 1st and 4th birthday</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do imaginary fears increase?

<p>During the 3rd to 5th years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would kids at age 1 be afraid of?

<p>High places, strangers, loud noises</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would kids at age 3 be afraid of?

<p>The dark, animals, storms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

  • Erikson's theory includes 8 stages that span from birth to late adulthood.
  • Each stage presents a conflict that acts as a turning point in development.

Key Stages

  • Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year): Focus on developing trust when caregivers provide reliability and care.
  • Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2-3 years): Example includes a preschooler choosing mismatched clothes, emphasizing the desire for independence.
  • Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years): Encouragement of initiative which allows children to explore and take purposeful actions.
  • Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years): Children develop a sense of competence through school experiences; struggling can lead to feelings of inferiority.
  • Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years): Development of personal identity during puberty, involving the struggle between belonging and individuality.
  • Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood): Achieving meaningful relationships while navigating feelings of isolation.
  • Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood): Focus on nurturing others and contributing to society; questions of life's worth arise.
  • Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood): Reflection on life; achieving a sense of fulfillment leads to wisdom, whereas despair stems from regrets.

Additional Concepts

  • Ego Identity is the central theme of Erikson's psychosocial development.
  • Autonomy reflects self-reliance and independence, marked by toddlers exploring their environment.
  • Initiative is fostered through supportive play environments that encourage adventure and creativity.
  • Self-Concept is a vital characteristic that affects personality and social behaviors.
  • Empathy and attachment are crucial for social development, forming the basis of relationships.
  • Isolation manifests through loneliness, alienation, and social withdrawal, frequently observed during young adulthood.

Emotions and Fears in Childhood

  • Children may express anger due to various triggers such as illness, hunger, or fatigue.
  • Separation anxiety typically emerges between 1 and 4 years, peaking around 7-8 months.
  • Imaginary fears often increase between ages 3 to 5, evolving into fears of the dark or animals by age three.

Play Types

  • Different types of play include unoccupied, solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative play, contributing to social skills.

Personality Development

  • Three general personality types can be identified: sensitive, placid, and aggressive.
  • Sibling rivalry can emerge as competition for parental affection and attention.

Conclusion

  • Erikson's psychosocial stages provide a comprehensive framework for understanding human development, emphasizing the importance of social relationships, identity formation, and emotional experiences throughout life.

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Description

Explore Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial development, spanning from infancy to late adulthood. Each stage presents a unique conflict that shapes personality and behavior, highlighting the importance of resolving these conflicts for healthy development.

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