Erikson's Psychosocial Development Stages

Erikson's Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development

• This theory describes how individuals develop socially and emotionally over eight stages across their lifespan.
• Each stage involves a crisis that must be resolved for healthy development.

Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year)

• Crisis: Infants learn whether they can trust the world to meet their basic needs.
• Example: Consistent caregiver response leads to trust; inconsistent response leads to mistrust.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)

• Crisis: Toddlers learn to do things for themselves or doubt their abilities.
• Example: Encouragement leads to independence; criticism leads to shame and doubt.

Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)

• Crisis: Children learn to initiate activities or feel guilty about their efforts to be independent.
• Example: Free play and exploration fosters initiative; punishment or criticism fosters guilt.

Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)

• Crisis: Children develop a sense of competence or feel inferior.
• Example: Encouragement in school leads to industry; comparison or discouragement leads to inferiority.

Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years)

• Crisis: Adolescents explore their identity and develop a sense of self or become confused about their role.
• Example: Exploration and self-expression leads to strong identity; lack of support can lead to role confusion.

Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40 years)

• Crisis: Young adults form close relationships or feel socially isolated.
• Example: Forming deep relationships fosters intimacy; difficulty connecting with others leads to isolation.

Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65 years)

• Crisis: Adults feel a sense of contribution or a lack of purpose.
• Example: Contributing to society (e.g., raising children, mentoring) leads to generativity; lack of contribution leads to stagnation.

Integrity vs. Despair (65+ years)

• Crisis: Older adults reflect on their life and feel satisfaction or regret.
• Example: Feeling fulfilled with life leads to integrity; regrets lead to despair.

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

• Schemas: Mental frameworks used to organize and interpret information.
• Assimilation: Fitting new information into existing schemas.
• Accommodation: Altering or creating new schemas to fit new information.

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years)

• Focus: Learning through senses and actions.
• Example: Exploring toys by putting them in the mouth or shaking them.
• Object permanence: Understanding objects continue to exist even when unseen.

Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)

• Focus: Symbolic thinking and imagination.
• Egocentrism: Inability to see things from others' perspectives.
• Conservation: Understanding that amount stays the same despite changes in appearance

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

• Focus: Logical thinking about concrete objects.
• Example: Solving puzzles, understanding math problems based on physical objects.
• Conservation: Understanding amount remains constant despite changes.

Formal Operational Stage (12+ years)

• Focus: Abstract thinking and problem-solving.
• Example: Understanding hypothetical scenarios and solving complex problems (e.g., algebra).
• Abstract thinking: Ability to think about complex ideas and solve problems without needing concrete examples.

Explore Erikson's Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development, which explain how individuals grow emotionally and socially throughout their lives. Each stage presents a unique crisis that impacts personal growth and identity. This quiz will help you understand the significance of these stages in shaping human behavior.