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Questions and Answers
According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is characterized by Preoperational Thought?
According to Piaget, which stage of cognitive development is characterized by Preoperational Thought?
In the context of cognitive development, what is Transductive Reasoning?
In the context of cognitive development, what is Transductive Reasoning?
What is a key characteristic of Preoperational Thought, as described by Piaget?
What is a key characteristic of Preoperational Thought, as described by Piaget?
Which term describes the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and intentions?
Which term describes the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and intentions?
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What does the Information-Processing Approach to cognitive development focus on?
What does the Information-Processing Approach to cognitive development focus on?
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How does Memory Development typically progress according to research in developmental psychology?
How does Memory Development typically progress according to research in developmental psychology?
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What characterizes children in the preoperational stage of cognitive development according to Piaget?
What characterizes children in the preoperational stage of cognitive development according to Piaget?
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What is a key feature of transductive reasoning in children?
What is a key feature of transductive reasoning in children?
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What does animism refer to in child development according to Piaget?
What does animism refer to in child development according to Piaget?
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Which area of cognitive development involves the awareness of mental activity and the functioning of the mind in others?
Which area of cognitive development involves the awareness of mental activity and the functioning of the mind in others?
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What improves during early childhood in terms of memory development?
What improves during early childhood in terms of memory development?
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What is a characteristic of the information-processing approach in child development?
What is a characteristic of the information-processing approach in child development?
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What aspect of preoperational thought is described as the inability to decenter?
What aspect of preoperational thought is described as the inability to decenter?
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Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves children attributing life to objects that are not alive?
Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves children attributing life to objects that are not alive?
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What do information-processing theorists focus on regarding memory development?
What do information-processing theorists focus on regarding memory development?
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Which type of storage is described as the initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information?
Which type of storage is described as the initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information?
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What cognitive approach involves children seeing cause where none exists?
What cognitive approach involves children seeing cause where none exists?
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According to Piaget, what do children fail to understand when they assume everyone else thinks, perceives, and feels as they do?
According to Piaget, what do children fail to understand when they assume everyone else thinks, perceives, and feels as they do?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
- Children in the preoperational stage (ages 3-6) are not yet ready to engage in logical mental operations.
- They can use symbols, think about objects or people even when they are not physically present, and imagine attributes that are not real.
- Children understand that superficial changes do not alter the nature of things and can identify causes and effects.
Motor Skills Development
- Children ages 3-6 make significant advances in gross motor skills, involving large muscles.
- They can classify objects, people, and events into meaningful categories.
Developmental Psychology
- Children can count and understand quantities, and become more empathetic, imagining how others might feel.
- They develop a theory of mind, understanding that others have their own intentions, desires, and motives.
Industry vs. Inferiority
- According to Erikson, children's self-esteem is influenced by their view of their capacity for productive work, which develops in the fourth stage of psychosocial development.
- There is an opportunity for growth and a risk of inferiority in this stage.
Family Dynamics
- Children experience a transitional stage of control, with parents exercising general supervision and children exercising moment-to-moment self-regulation.
- Family conflict can lead to internalizing or externalizing behaviors in children.
Friendship and Social Development
- Robert Selman's five stages of friendship include:
- Momentary Playmateship (ages 3-7)
- One-Way Assistance (ages 4-9)
- Children's popularity and likability by their peers are important factors in social development.
Immature Aspects of Preoperational Thought
- Centration: focusing on one aspect of a situation and neglecting others.
- Irreversibility: failure to understand that some operations or actions can be reversed.
- Focus on states rather than transformations: failure to understand the significance of changes between states.
- Transductive reasoning: seeing cause where none exists.
- Egocentrism: assuming everyone else thinks, perceives, and feels as they do.
- Animism: attributing life to inanimate objects.
- Inability to distinguish appearance from reality: confusing what is real with outward appearance.
Information-Processing Approach
- Memory development involves three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval.
- Information-processing models depict the brain as containing three types of storage:
- Sensory memory: initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information.
- Working memory: short-term storage of information being actively processed.
- Long-term memory: retention of information for future use.
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Description
Explore Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development, where children develop a view of their productive work capacity, impacting their self-esteem. Learn about the concepts of industry and inferiority in this developmental psychology quiz.
