Equine Viral Diseases Quiz
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Equine Viral Diseases Quiz

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@ConciseAllegory

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Questions and Answers

Match the bacterial disease with its characteristics:

Mycoplasma bovis = Causes bronchopneumonia, arthritis, otitis and mastitis Enzootic Pneumonia = Multifactorial disease influenced by environmental factors Tuberculosis = Zoonotic granulomatous bacterial disease Miliary Tuberculosis = Widely disseminated multifocal nodules on all organs

Match the type of histological finding with its associated disease:

Caseous necrosis surrounded by neutrophils = Mycoplasma bovis Granulomas with Langhans giant cells = Tuberculosis Multifocal nodules in lymph nodes = Miliary Tuberculosis Central areas of caseous necrosis = Enzootic Pneumonia

Match the method of infection with the disease:

Inhalation of aerosol droplet = Tuberculosis Ingestion of infected materials = Tuberculosis Environmental stress factors = Enzootic Pneumonia Contagion from infected animals = Mycoplasma bovis

Match the gross findings with the corresponding disease:

<p>Firm, yellow-white nodules (tubercles) = Tuberculosis Multifocal nodules on all organs = Miliary Tuberculosis Nodular lesions with caseation = Mycoplasma bovis Multifocal tubercles on the pleura = Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of immune response with the disease:

<p>Granulomatous response = Tuberculosis Caseous necrosis with neutrophil response = Mycoplasma bovis Lymphocytic infiltration = Enzootic Pneumonia Extensive macrophage activity = Miliary Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine viral diseases with their definitions:

<p>Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis = Acute respiratory disease in foals (4 - 8 months) Equine Influenza = Highly contagious respiratory disease of horses Equine Viral Arteritis = Viral disease that can affect multiple organs Adenovirus = Virus associated with respiratory symptoms in horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine conditions with their causes:

<p>Rhococcal pneumonia = Rhodococcus equi Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis = Equine herpes virus (EHV-1 and EHV-4) Bronchointerstitial pneumonia = Secondary bacterial infection Equine Influenza = Influenza A virus (Orthomyxovirus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine viral diseases with their forms:

<p>Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis = Respiratory, Abortion, Neurologic Equine Influenza = Mild respiratory disease Equine Viral Arteritis = Vascular lesions Adenovirus = Respiratory symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bovine viral diseases with their descriptions:

<p>Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) = Common respiratory disease in cattle Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) = Virus causing severe respiratory illness Bovine viral diarrhea virus = Results in immune suppression and diarrhea Bovine coronavirus = Causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bovine bacterial diseases with their causes:

<p>Shipping fever = Mannheimia haemolytica Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia = Mycoplasma mycoides Tuberculosis = Mycobacterium bovis Hemophilus somnus = Causes respiratory illness and reproductive problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following findings in pneumonia with their descriptions:

<p>Fibrinous bronchopneumonia = Found in Shipping fever Multifocal necrosis = Marbling appearance in lungs Pyogranulomatous pneumonia = Contains neutrophils and granuloma Interstitial edema = Causes mosaic lung appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bovine respiratory illnesses with their characteristics:

<p>Shipping fever = Acute respiratory diseases after shipment Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia = Caused by stress and mycoplasmas Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) = Severe respiratory tract inflammation Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) = Induces necrosis in respiratory epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following equine viral diseases with their forms:

<p>Equine Influenza = High morbidity and low mortality Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis = Abortion in pregnant mares Equine Viral Arteritis = Vasculitis and neurologic damage Adenovirus = Non-specific respiratory symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each viral disease to its description:

<p>Ovine Adenovirus = A virus affecting sheep's respiratory system Canine Distemper = Highly contagious disease of young dogs Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) = Immune-mediated disease in cats Peste Des Petits Ruminants = Disease affecting goats and sheep causing respiratory issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the bacterial diseases with their associated pathogens:

<p>Mannheimia haemolytica = Common cause of pneumonia in sheep Pasteurella multocida = Causes respiratory diseases in animals Caseous lymphadenitis = Infection leading to abscess formation in sheep Mycoplasma ssp = Can cause respiratory and reproductive diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of pleural conditions with their descriptions:

<p>Chylothorax = Accumulation of chylous fluid in thoracic cavity Hemothorax = Hemorrhage within the thoracic cavity Pneumothorax = Accumulation of gases within the thoracic cavity Hydrothorax = Accumulation of clear fluid within the thoracic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the parastic disease with its characteristic finding:

<p>Muellerius capillaris = Subpleural nodules in dorsal lung lobes Echinococcus granulosus = Intermediate stage leading to hydatid cysts Aelurostrongylus abstrusus = Respiratory parasite in cats Dirofilaria immitis = Heartworm affecting dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each lung and pleural tumor type to its classification:

<p>Adenoma = Benign epithelial tumor in lungs Carcinoma = Malignant epithelial tumor in lungs Metastatic sarcoma = Cancer spreading to lung tissues Lymphoma = Tumor of lymphatic origin in thoracic region</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the additional diagnostic tests to their descriptions:

<p>Tuberculin test = An immunologic test for tuberculosis in animals PCR = Technique for identifying DNA or RNA of pathogens Acid-fast stain = Special staining to identify mycobacteria Culture = Growing microorganisms from samples to identify pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the canine diseases with their features:

<p>Canine influenza = Highly contagious respiratory disease in dogs Canine adenovirus = Causes infectious hepatitis in dogs Canine herpesvirus = Causes neonatal death and respiratory disease Canine distemper = Multisystemic disease with many symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the sheep and goat viral diseases with their specifics:

<p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus = Causes respiratory infections in ovine Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis = Leads to chronic arthritis and neurological issues in goats Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia = Chronic lung disease in sheep Sheep pox = Highly contagious viral skin disease in sheep</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Horse

  • Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis is a respiratory disease affecting foals (4-8 months) caused by Equine herpes virus (EHV-1 & EHV-4)
  • EHV-1 & EHV-4 can cause abortion, respiratory and neurological disease
  • Respiratory form of EHV-1 and EHV-4 results in bronchointerstitial pneumonia which causes non-collapsing lung lobes and rib impressions
  • Neurological form of EHV-1 and EHV-4 results in vasculitis, ischemia, and myeloencephalopathy
  • Aborted fetuses due to EHV-1 & EHV-4 show multifocal areas of necrosis in various organs, including the liver and lungs
  • Equine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by Influenza A virus (Orthomyxovirus)
  • Equine influenza is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality
  • Secondary bacterial infections from Streptococcus equi can occur with Equine influenza
  • Rhodococcus equi is the cause of Rhodococcal pneumonia
  • Rhodococcus equi pneumonia occurs in foals
  • Rhodococcus equi pneumonia affects lungs and lymph nodes, leading to granulomas containing neutrophils
  • Grossly, Rhodococcus equi pneumonia causes multiple firm nodules, containing caseous necrosis, and pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of the bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes
  • Microscopically, Rhodococcus equi pneumonia shows pyogranulomatous pneumonia

Cattle

  • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
  • Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
  • Parainfluenza-3 virus is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
  • Bovine viral diarrhea virus is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
  • Bovine coronavirus is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
  • Shipping fever is an acute respiratory disease in cattle that occurs after shipping, caused by Mannheimia haemolytica (Pasteurella haemolytica)
  • Shipping fever is characterized by fibrinous bronchopneumonia, causing cranioventral hepatization, yellow fibrin sheets on the lung, hydrothorax, and marbling, due to multifocal necrosis and interstitial edema
  • Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides
  • Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia resembles Shipping fever
  • Mycoplasma bovis causes bronchopneumonia, arthritis, otitis and mastitis
  • Grossly, Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia causes multifocal nodules with caseous necrosis
  • Microscopically, Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia shows multifocal areas of caseous necrosis surrounded by neutrophils
  • Enzootic pneumonia of calves is a multifactorial disease
  • Enzootic pneumonia of calves is predisposed by environmental factors like temperature, humidity, poor air circulation, and crowding
  • Stress (immune status and viral infections) can also predispose calves to enzootic pneumonia
  • Enzootic pneumonia involves several bacterial causes
  • Tuberculosis is zoonotic granulomatous bacterial disease caused by acid-fast bacilli, which can affect cattle (Mycobacterium bovis), humans (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and poultry (Mycobacterium avium)
  • Tuberculosis is caused by inhaling aerosol droplets or ingesting infected materials (milk)
  • Tuberculosis causes phagocytosis of bacteria by alveolar macrophages
  • Tuberculosis causes intracellular replication of bacteria, as they are resistant to lysosomal hydrolases
  • Tuberculosis causes death of macrophages and release of enzymes, leading to caseous necrosis
  • Tuberculosis affects local lymph nodes, and can spread to multiple sites through hematogenous dissemination
  • Grossly, Tuberculosis causes firm, yellow-white nodules (tubercles) in the lungs
  • Grossly, Tuberculosis causes caseated nodules in tracheobronchial lymph nodes
  • Grossly, Tuberculosis causes multifocal nodules on all organs (liver, kidney, intestine, CNS, vertebrae) - known as Miliary T.B
  • Grossly, Tuberculosis causes multifocal tubercles on the pleura - known as pearl disease
  • Microscopically, Tuberculosis is characterized by granuloma formation, which consists of:
    • Central areas of caseous necrosis and calcification
    • Surrounding macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and Langhans giant cells
    • Fibrous connective tissue
  • Tuberculosis can be diagnosed using tuberculin test, PCR, special stains (Ziehl-Nielson), and culture

Sheep and Goats

  • Ovine Adenovirus causes respiratory disease in sheep
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus causes respiratory disease in sheep
  • Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (Maedi) causes respiratory disease in sheep
  • Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) causes respiratory disease in goats
  • Peste Des Petits Ruminants causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
  • Sheep pox causes respiratory disease in sheep
  • Mannheimia haemolytica causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
  • Pasteurella multocida causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
  • Hemophilus somnus causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
  • Mycoplasma spp. causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
  • Caseous lymphadenitis causes disease in sheep and goats
  • Muellerius capillaris is a parasitic cause of respiratory disease in sheep and goats
  • Muellerius capillaris causes characteristic subpleural nodules in the dorsal region of the caudal lung lobes
  • Hydatid cyst is an intermediate stage of Echinococcus granulosus (tape worm) that can cause respiratory disease in sheep

Dog

  • Canine influenza is a respiratory disease in dogs
  • Canine adenovirus is a respiratory disease in dogs
  • Canine distemper is a highly contagious respiratory disease in young dogs caused by Morbillivirus (paramyxoviridae)
  • Canine Distemper causes multisystemic disease, affecting conjunctiva, nasal cavity, lungs, gut, skin, and brain
  • Canine Distemper causes parakeratosis of the paws
  • Canine herpesvirus is a respiratory disease in dogs
  • Canine distemper pneumonia is bronchointerstitial pneumonia

Cat

  • Feline Calicivirus causes respiratory disease in cats
  • Feline Rhinotracheitis causes respiratory disease in cats
  • Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal respiratory disease in cats

Pleural Diseases

  • Pleuritis is inflammation of the pleura, which can cause abnormal contents within the pleural cavity
  • Pneumothorax is accumulation of gas within the thoracic cavity
  • Hemothorax is hemorrhage within the thoracic cavity
  • Chylothorax is accumulation of chylous fluid within the thoracic cavity
  • Hydrothorax is accumulation of clear fluid within the thoracic cavity
  • Pyothorax is accumulation of pus within the thoracic cavity
  • Cytology from chylothorax shows neutrophils, macrophages, medium to large lymphocytes, and small lymphocytes
  • Cytology from pyothorax shows neutrophils mixed with bacteria

Lung and Pleural Tumors

  • Lung and pleural tumors are relatively rare in animals compared to humans
  • Lung and Pleural tumors are more common in dogs and cats
  • Metastatic sarcoma is a common type of lung and pleural tumor
  • Lung and pleural tumors can be classified by cell line, such as epithelial (adenoma or carcinoma)

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Description

Test your knowledge on equine viral diseases, focusing on Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis, Equine Influenza, and Rhodococcus pneumonia. This quiz covers symptoms, causes, and effects of these diseases on horses, including respiratory and neurological aspects. Perfect for veterinary students or horse enthusiasts looking to deepen their understanding of equine health.

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