Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the bacterial disease with its characteristics:
Match the bacterial disease with its characteristics:
Mycoplasma bovis = Causes bronchopneumonia, arthritis, otitis and mastitis Enzootic Pneumonia = Multifactorial disease influenced by environmental factors Tuberculosis = Zoonotic granulomatous bacterial disease Miliary Tuberculosis = Widely disseminated multifocal nodules on all organs
Match the type of histological finding with its associated disease:
Match the type of histological finding with its associated disease:
Caseous necrosis surrounded by neutrophils = Mycoplasma bovis Granulomas with Langhans giant cells = Tuberculosis Multifocal nodules in lymph nodes = Miliary Tuberculosis Central areas of caseous necrosis = Enzootic Pneumonia
Match the method of infection with the disease:
Match the method of infection with the disease:
Inhalation of aerosol droplet = Tuberculosis Ingestion of infected materials = Tuberculosis Environmental stress factors = Enzootic Pneumonia Contagion from infected animals = Mycoplasma bovis
Match the gross findings with the corresponding disease:
Match the gross findings with the corresponding disease:
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Match the type of immune response with the disease:
Match the type of immune response with the disease:
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Match the following equine viral diseases with their definitions:
Match the following equine viral diseases with their definitions:
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Match the following equine conditions with their causes:
Match the following equine conditions with their causes:
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Match the following equine viral diseases with their forms:
Match the following equine viral diseases with their forms:
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Match the following bovine viral diseases with their descriptions:
Match the following bovine viral diseases with their descriptions:
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Match the following bovine bacterial diseases with their causes:
Match the following bovine bacterial diseases with their causes:
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Match the following findings in pneumonia with their descriptions:
Match the following findings in pneumonia with their descriptions:
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Match the following bovine respiratory illnesses with their characteristics:
Match the following bovine respiratory illnesses with their characteristics:
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Match the following equine viral diseases with their forms:
Match the following equine viral diseases with their forms:
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Match each viral disease to its description:
Match each viral disease to its description:
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Match the bacterial diseases with their associated pathogens:
Match the bacterial diseases with their associated pathogens:
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Match the types of pleural conditions with their descriptions:
Match the types of pleural conditions with their descriptions:
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Match the parastic disease with its characteristic finding:
Match the parastic disease with its characteristic finding:
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Match each lung and pleural tumor type to its classification:
Match each lung and pleural tumor type to its classification:
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Match the additional diagnostic tests to their descriptions:
Match the additional diagnostic tests to their descriptions:
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Match the canine diseases with their features:
Match the canine diseases with their features:
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Match the sheep and goat viral diseases with their specifics:
Match the sheep and goat viral diseases with their specifics:
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Study Notes
Horse
- Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis is a respiratory disease affecting foals (4-8 months) caused by Equine herpes virus (EHV-1 & EHV-4)
- EHV-1 & EHV-4 can cause abortion, respiratory and neurological disease
- Respiratory form of EHV-1 and EHV-4 results in bronchointerstitial pneumonia which causes non-collapsing lung lobes and rib impressions
- Neurological form of EHV-1 and EHV-4 results in vasculitis, ischemia, and myeloencephalopathy
- Aborted fetuses due to EHV-1 & EHV-4 show multifocal areas of necrosis in various organs, including the liver and lungs
- Equine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by Influenza A virus (Orthomyxovirus)
- Equine influenza is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality
- Secondary bacterial infections from Streptococcus equi can occur with Equine influenza
- Rhodococcus equi is the cause of Rhodococcal pneumonia
- Rhodococcus equi pneumonia occurs in foals
- Rhodococcus equi pneumonia affects lungs and lymph nodes, leading to granulomas containing neutrophils
- Grossly, Rhodococcus equi pneumonia causes multiple firm nodules, containing caseous necrosis, and pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of the bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes
- Microscopically, Rhodococcus equi pneumonia shows pyogranulomatous pneumonia
Cattle
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
- Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
- Parainfluenza-3 virus is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
- Bovine coronavirus is a viral respiratory disease of cattle
- Shipping fever is an acute respiratory disease in cattle that occurs after shipping, caused by Mannheimia haemolytica (Pasteurella haemolytica)
- Shipping fever is characterized by fibrinous bronchopneumonia, causing cranioventral hepatization, yellow fibrin sheets on the lung, hydrothorax, and marbling, due to multifocal necrosis and interstitial edema
- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is caused by Mycoplasma mycoides
- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia resembles Shipping fever
- Mycoplasma bovis causes bronchopneumonia, arthritis, otitis and mastitis
- Grossly, Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia causes multifocal nodules with caseous necrosis
- Microscopically, Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia shows multifocal areas of caseous necrosis surrounded by neutrophils
- Enzootic pneumonia of calves is a multifactorial disease
- Enzootic pneumonia of calves is predisposed by environmental factors like temperature, humidity, poor air circulation, and crowding
- Stress (immune status and viral infections) can also predispose calves to enzootic pneumonia
- Enzootic pneumonia involves several bacterial causes
- Tuberculosis is zoonotic granulomatous bacterial disease caused by acid-fast bacilli, which can affect cattle (Mycobacterium bovis), humans (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and poultry (Mycobacterium avium)
- Tuberculosis is caused by inhaling aerosol droplets or ingesting infected materials (milk)
- Tuberculosis causes phagocytosis of bacteria by alveolar macrophages
- Tuberculosis causes intracellular replication of bacteria, as they are resistant to lysosomal hydrolases
- Tuberculosis causes death of macrophages and release of enzymes, leading to caseous necrosis
- Tuberculosis affects local lymph nodes, and can spread to multiple sites through hematogenous dissemination
- Grossly, Tuberculosis causes firm, yellow-white nodules (tubercles) in the lungs
- Grossly, Tuberculosis causes caseated nodules in tracheobronchial lymph nodes
- Grossly, Tuberculosis causes multifocal nodules on all organs (liver, kidney, intestine, CNS, vertebrae) - known as Miliary T.B
- Grossly, Tuberculosis causes multifocal tubercles on the pleura - known as pearl disease
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Microscopically, Tuberculosis is characterized by granuloma formation, which consists of:
- Central areas of caseous necrosis and calcification
- Surrounding macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and Langhans giant cells
- Fibrous connective tissue
- Tuberculosis can be diagnosed using tuberculin test, PCR, special stains (Ziehl-Nielson), and culture
Sheep and Goats
- Ovine Adenovirus causes respiratory disease in sheep
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus causes respiratory disease in sheep
- Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (Maedi) causes respiratory disease in sheep
- Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) causes respiratory disease in goats
- Peste Des Petits Ruminants causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
- Sheep pox causes respiratory disease in sheep
- Mannheimia haemolytica causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
- Pasteurella multocida causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
- Hemophilus somnus causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
- Mycoplasma spp. causes respiratory disease in sheep and goats
- Caseous lymphadenitis causes disease in sheep and goats
- Muellerius capillaris is a parasitic cause of respiratory disease in sheep and goats
- Muellerius capillaris causes characteristic subpleural nodules in the dorsal region of the caudal lung lobes
- Hydatid cyst is an intermediate stage of Echinococcus granulosus (tape worm) that can cause respiratory disease in sheep
Dog
- Canine influenza is a respiratory disease in dogs
- Canine adenovirus is a respiratory disease in dogs
- Canine distemper is a highly contagious respiratory disease in young dogs caused by Morbillivirus (paramyxoviridae)
- Canine Distemper causes multisystemic disease, affecting conjunctiva, nasal cavity, lungs, gut, skin, and brain
- Canine Distemper causes parakeratosis of the paws
- Canine herpesvirus is a respiratory disease in dogs
- Canine distemper pneumonia is bronchointerstitial pneumonia
Cat
- Feline Calicivirus causes respiratory disease in cats
- Feline Rhinotracheitis causes respiratory disease in cats
- Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal respiratory disease in cats
Pleural Diseases
- Pleuritis is inflammation of the pleura, which can cause abnormal contents within the pleural cavity
- Pneumothorax is accumulation of gas within the thoracic cavity
- Hemothorax is hemorrhage within the thoracic cavity
- Chylothorax is accumulation of chylous fluid within the thoracic cavity
- Hydrothorax is accumulation of clear fluid within the thoracic cavity
- Pyothorax is accumulation of pus within the thoracic cavity
- Cytology from chylothorax shows neutrophils, macrophages, medium to large lymphocytes, and small lymphocytes
- Cytology from pyothorax shows neutrophils mixed with bacteria
Lung and Pleural Tumors
- Lung and pleural tumors are relatively rare in animals compared to humans
- Lung and Pleural tumors are more common in dogs and cats
- Metastatic sarcoma is a common type of lung and pleural tumor
- Lung and pleural tumors can be classified by cell line, such as epithelial (adenoma or carcinoma)
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Description
Test your knowledge on equine viral diseases, focusing on Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis, Equine Influenza, and Rhodococcus pneumonia. This quiz covers symptoms, causes, and effects of these diseases on horses, including respiratory and neurological aspects. Perfect for veterinary students or horse enthusiasts looking to deepen their understanding of equine health.
