Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common clinical sign of cystitis in horses?
What is a common clinical sign of cystitis in horses?
- Frequent attempts to urinate (correct)
- Lethargy
- Increased appetite
- Weight loss
What is a predisposing cause of cystitis in mares?
What is a predisposing cause of cystitis in mares?
- Previous catheterization
- Bladder stones
- Neurologic disease
- All of the above (correct)
What is a common first choice for antimicrobial therapy in cystitis treatment?
What is a common first choice for antimicrobial therapy in cystitis treatment?
- Ciprofloxacin
- Penicillin
- Gentamicin
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS) (correct)
What is the recommended technique for catheterization in male horses?
What is the recommended technique for catheterization in male horses?
What is the purpose of performing a rectal examination in equine renal disease?
What is the purpose of performing a rectal examination in equine renal disease?
What is the purpose of using ultrasound in equine renal disease?
What is the purpose of using ultrasound in equine renal disease?
What should be easily palpable and nonpainful during physical examination of the urinary tract in horses?
What should be easily palpable and nonpainful during physical examination of the urinary tract in horses?
What can be used to guide diagnosis of renal calculi in horses?
What can be used to guide diagnosis of renal calculi in horses?
What is an efficient way to characterize chronic renal disease in horses?
What is an efficient way to characterize chronic renal disease in horses?
What does Acute Kidney Injury result in?
What does Acute Kidney Injury result in?
Which type of azotemia is most common in horses?
Which type of azotemia is most common in horses?
What happens to electrolytes in horses with renal disease?
What happens to electrolytes in horses with renal disease?
What can Urinary Clearance Ratios identify in horses?
What can Urinary Clearance Ratios identify in horses?
What does increased urinary GGT suggest in horses?
What does increased urinary GGT suggest in horses?
What can cause acute renal failure in horses?
What can cause acute renal failure in horses?
What can pigmenturia in horses indicate?
What can pigmenturia in horses indicate?
Which NSAID is relatively toxic to horses?
Which NSAID is relatively toxic to horses?
What manifestations are common with NSAID toxicity in horses?
What manifestations are common with NSAID toxicity in horses?
What is necessary for renal disease to occur due to NSAIDs?
What is necessary for renal disease to occur due to NSAIDs?
What is a characteristic of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in horses?
What is a characteristic of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in horses?
What are the etiologies of CRF in horses?
What are the etiologies of CRF in horses?
What is a recommended treatment for CRF in horses?
What is a recommended treatment for CRF in horses?
How are Leptospires transmitted to horses?
How are Leptospires transmitted to horses?
What are the clinical signs of leptospirosis in horses?
What are the clinical signs of leptospirosis in horses?
How can leptospirosis in horses be prevented?
How can leptospirosis in horses be prevented?
Study Notes
Equine Renal Diseases and Leptospirosis
- Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have species-dependent actions and toxicity in horses, with phenylbutazone, flunixin, and ketoprofen being relatively toxic.
- Toxicity of NSAIDs is dose-dependent, not time-dependent, and common manifestations include low blood protein, oral and gastric ulcers, and less commonly, right dorsal colitis.
- NSAIDs can lead to papillary necrosis in the kidney, and dehydration is necessary for renal disease to occur.
- Treatment for acute renal failure (ARF) involves removing the predisposing factor, establishing diuresis, and fluid therapy using diuretics and force feeding for positive energy balance.
- Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in horses is usually seen in middle-aged or older animals and is characterized by weight loss, anorexia, and dependent edema.
- CRF leads to clinical lab data changes such as anemia, hypoproteinemia, azotemia, and high serum calcium levels.
- Etiologies of CRF include proliferative glomerulonephritis, chronic interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, and chronic pyelonephritis.
- Treatment for CRF involves antibiotics for pyelonephritis, supportive therapy, and a high calorie, low calcium diet.
- Leptospirosis is an under-reported disease in horses, with a vaccine available since 2015, and it is associated with abortion and uveitis.
- Leptospires, the causative organisms of leptospirosis, are spirochetes with multiple serovars and subtypes, and they are transmitted through infected urine, blood, or aborted tissues.
- Clinical signs of leptospirosis in horses include uveitis, mid- to late-term abortions, placentitis, lesions in foals, and acute renal failure.
- Prevention of leptospirosis in horses involves keeping them away from standing water, protecting horse feed from wildlife contamination, and using the available vaccine to stimulate an immune response.
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Description
Test your knowledge of equine renal diseases and leptospirosis with this quiz. Learn about the toxic effects of NSAIDs, treatment of acute and chronic renal failure, and the clinical signs and prevention of leptospirosis in horses.
