Equine Renal Diseases and Leptospirosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a common clinical sign of cystitis in horses?

Frequent attempts to urinate (correct)

Lethargy

Increased appetite

Weight loss

What is a predisposing cause of cystitis in mares?

Previous catheterization

Bladder stones

Neurologic disease

All of the above (correct)

What is a common first choice for antimicrobial therapy in cystitis treatment?

Ciprofloxacin

Penicillin

Gentamicin

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS) (correct)

What is the recommended technique for catheterization in male horses?

Sedate, then pass stallion catheter after aseptically cleaning glans penis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a rectal examination in equine renal disease?

To palpate the left kidney for mobility and signs of inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using ultrasound in equine renal disease?

To visualize the size, shape, and texture of the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What should be easily palpable and nonpainful during physical examination of the urinary tract in horses?

Bladder Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to guide diagnosis of renal calculi in horses?

Ultrasound imaging Signup and view all the answers

What is an efficient way to characterize chronic renal disease in horses?

Biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What does Acute Kidney Injury result in?

Azotemia and elevated BUN and Creatinine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of azotemia is most common in horses?

Pre-renal azotemia Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electrolytes in horses with renal disease?

Electrolytes conserved by the kidney are lost and excreted electrolytes are elevated Signup and view all the answers

What can Urinary Clearance Ratios identify in horses?

Abnormalities in electrolyte or enzyme excretion prior to serum value alterations Signup and view all the answers

What does increased urinary GGT suggest in horses?

Renal tubular disease Signup and view all the answers

What can cause acute renal failure in horses?

Aminoglycoside toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What can pigmenturia in horses indicate?

Intravascular hemolysis or myositis Signup and view all the answers

Which NSAID is relatively toxic to horses?

Phenylbutazone Signup and view all the answers

What manifestations are common with NSAID toxicity in horses?

Low blood protein and oral and gastric ulcers Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for renal disease to occur due to NSAIDs?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in horses?

Weight loss and anorexia Signup and view all the answers

What are the etiologies of CRF in horses?

Proliferative glomerulonephritis and chronic interstitial nephritis Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended treatment for CRF in horses?

Antibiotics for pyelonephritis and supportive therapy Signup and view all the answers

How are Leptospires transmitted to horses?

Through infected urine, blood, or aborted tissues Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical signs of leptospirosis in horses?

Uveitis and mid- to late-term abortions Signup and view all the answers

How can leptospirosis in horses be prevented?

By keeping them away from standing water and using the available vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Equine Renal Diseases and Leptospirosis

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have species-dependent actions and toxicity in horses, with phenylbutazone, flunixin, and ketoprofen being relatively toxic.
Toxicity of NSAIDs is dose-dependent, not time-dependent, and common manifestations include low blood protein, oral and gastric ulcers, and less commonly, right dorsal colitis.
NSAIDs can lead to papillary necrosis in the kidney, and dehydration is necessary for renal disease to occur.
Treatment for acute renal failure (ARF) involves removing the predisposing factor, establishing diuresis, and fluid therapy using diuretics and force feeding for positive energy balance.
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in horses is usually seen in middle-aged or older animals and is characterized by weight loss, anorexia, and dependent edema.
CRF leads to clinical lab data changes such as anemia, hypoproteinemia, azotemia, and high serum calcium levels.
Etiologies of CRF include proliferative glomerulonephritis, chronic interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, and chronic pyelonephritis.
Treatment for CRF involves antibiotics for pyelonephritis, supportive therapy, and a high calorie, low calcium diet.
Leptospirosis is an under-reported disease in horses, with a vaccine available since 2015, and it is associated with abortion and uveitis.
Leptospires, the causative organisms of leptospirosis, are spirochetes with multiple serovars and subtypes, and they are transmitted through infected urine, blood, or aborted tissues.
Clinical signs of leptospirosis in horses include uveitis, mid- to late-term abortions, placentitis, lesions in foals, and acute renal failure.
Prevention of leptospirosis in horses involves keeping them away from standing water, protecting horse feed from wildlife contamination, and using the available vaccine to stimulate an immune response.

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Description

Test your knowledge of equine renal diseases and leptospirosis with this quiz. Learn about the toxic effects of NSAIDs, treatment of acute and chronic renal failure, and the clinical signs and prevention of leptospirosis in horses.