Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the incubation period for Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE)?
What is the incubation period for Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE)?
What primary factor contributes to the spread of contagious equine metritis?
What primary factor contributes to the spread of contagious equine metritis?
Which animal is a known spreader of Sarcocystis neurona, the cause of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?
Which animal is a known spreader of Sarcocystis neurona, the cause of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?
What is the main consequence of West Nile Virus infection in equines?
What is the main consequence of West Nile Virus infection in equines?
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What issue is primarily linked to antihelminthic resistance in horses?
What issue is primarily linked to antihelminthic resistance in horses?
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What do many horse owners primarily view their horses as?
What do many horse owners primarily view their horses as?
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Which of the following statements regarding companion animals is true?
Which of the following statements regarding companion animals is true?
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What percentage of humans diagnosed with West Nile Virus show symptoms?
What percentage of humans diagnosed with West Nile Virus show symptoms?
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What is a contributing factor to metabolic diseases as mentioned?
What is a contributing factor to metabolic diseases as mentioned?
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Which condition is NOT explicitly mentioned as contributing to valvular heart disease?
Which condition is NOT explicitly mentioned as contributing to valvular heart disease?
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What type of diagnostic method uses an ultrasound to examine the heart?
What type of diagnostic method uses an ultrasound to examine the heart?
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Which treatment for heart disease increases cardiac output?
Which treatment for heart disease increases cardiac output?
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What is a possible result of untreated dental disease?
What is a possible result of untreated dental disease?
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What is a key consideration when monitoring treatments for heart disease?
What is a key consideration when monitoring treatments for heart disease?
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What is the primary goal of a vet in end-of-life care?
What is the primary goal of a vet in end-of-life care?
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Why is taurine deficiency significant in relation to dilated cardiomyopathy?
Why is taurine deficiency significant in relation to dilated cardiomyopathy?
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Study Notes
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE)
- Causes brain inflammation in horses
- Incubation period of 2-3 weeks followed by 2-3 days of clinical signs
- 90% of horses die
- Severe neurological signs are a symptom
- Confirmed by IgM antibodies to the virus
- Vaccine available (requires annual booster)
- Can be zoonotic
- Mosquito-borne RNA, enveloped virus
Contagious Equine Metritis
- Bacterial infection of the uterus
- Caused by Taylorella equigenitalis (Gram-negative bacteria)
- Spread by sexual contact (clinical signs appear ~10 days after breeding)
- Can be symptomatic or asymptomatic
- Causes abortion and uterine inflammation
- Active infections in mares cleared up by antibiotics
- Stallions should be cleaned with 4% chlorhexidine prior to breeding
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)
- Caused by Sarcocystis neurona
- Spread by opossums, cats, skunks, and raccoons
West Nile Virus
- Mosquito-borne RNA, enveloped virus that infects and kills birds
- Causes neurological signs and sometimes fever in horses
- Can be asymptomatic in horses
- Zoonotic but only causes disease in ~20% of humans
- No treatment for horses but effective vaccine available
- Cases are on the rise
Deworming
- Antihelminthic resistance is a growing concern
- Misinformed owners alternate dewormers, deworm too often, and maintain unhygienic conditions
- Solutions include: fecal egg count, deworming based on parasites present, and maintaining a clean environment
Horse Owner Choices
- Horse owners often do not see their horses as companions or pets
- Horses are typically viewed as athletes, workers, or livestock
- Horses do not always receive immediate care for illness or injury
- Willingness to pay for veterinary care is an issue
- Lack of value placed on horses by some owners
- Limitations to care and treatment exist
- Misinformation is prevalent
Companion Animals
- Live longer than other animals
- Their health is affected by their association with humans
Non-Infectious Conditions in Dogs and Cats
- Orthopedic disease
- Metabolic disease
- Neurological conditions
- Cancer
- Cardiac conditions
- Gastrointestinal conditions
- Auto-immune and allergy-related conditions
Coco: A Case Study
- 17-year-old female longhair chihuahua
- Valvular heart disease
- Dental issues
- Cataracts
- "Old dog lung"
Multifactorial Disease
- Genetics
- Diet (taurine deficiency in dilated cardiomyopathy)
- Prior or concurrent health conditions
- Exercise
Valvular Heart Disease
- Diagnostic tools: Radiograph, EKG, Echocardiogram (ultrasound)
- Treatment: Furosemide (diuretic), Pimobendan (increases cardiac output)
- Requires careful monitoring and commitment by the owner
- Potential side effects can be problematic
Dental Disease
- Multifactorial
- Results in gum disease and tooth loss
- Difficulty eating
- Local and systemic infection
- Weight loss
- Treatment: Dental cleaning under general anesthesia by a licensed veterinarian, tooth extraction, preventative oral health care
End of Life Care
- A veterinarian's job is to protect animal welfare, including providing a "good death" (euthanasia)
End of Life Care: It's Not Simple or Easy!
- Some resources:
- https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/261/2/javma.22.06.0234.xml
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2117
- https://www.canadianveterinarians.net/policy-and-outreach/position-statements/statements/euthanasia/#:~:text=group%20of%20animals.-,Position,fear%2C%20pain%2C%20and%20distress.
Announcements
- Revised syllabus on eclass
- Make sure you are receiving eclass announcements
- No quiz this week (next quiz opens October 17th)
- Midterm 1 grades expected Friday
- Dr. Craig Wilkinson lecturing Friday on Animal Use in Research
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Description
This quiz covers various equine diseases including Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis, Contagious Equine Metritis, Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis, and West Nile Virus. Learn about their causes, symptoms, transmission, and treatment strategies. Perfect for students and professionals in veterinary medicine.
