Epithelial and Connective Tissue Quiz

<p>ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial lining of the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as influx transporters through secondary active or facilitated transport. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit non-uniform distribution of transporters on opposing faces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaluronic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesenchymal connective tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Under the epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is found in the pulp of teeth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loose areolar connective tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced drug absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their size allows faster diffusion across membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In low pH environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocking the selective-cholesterol transporter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pKa of the drug (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More readily absorbed in higher pH environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of caffeine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Block glucose reabsorption in kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They readily diffuse across cell membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To phagocytose and destroy foreign substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B cells mature in the bone marrow, T cells in the thymus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remain dormant and retain immunological memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have no known specific function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are differentiated and actively respond to antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They regulate and facilitate the inflammatory response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the thymus and bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can all recognize and respond to the same specific antigen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some T cells can live for years while some B cells live for months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilobed nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barr body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They die and form pus cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation and increased vessel permeability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depress eosinophil numbers in circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S-shaped nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes and killing parasites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process of transporting a substance across a whole layer of epithelial cells, involving active transport on one side and diffusion or facilitated diffusion on the other.

A type of epithelium found in glands, which are categorized into exocrine (secreting via ducts) and endocrine (secreting directly into circulation).

Molecules cross the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane using various transport mechanisms.

A structural component of the basement membrane, separating the epithelium from underlying connective tissue. If cancerous cells cross this, it indicates a more serious stage.

A family of transmembrane proteins that transport molecules across cell membranes, often using energy from ATP.

A family of transmembrane proteins that transport molecules across cell membranes, often using the energy gradient of another molecule.

The movement of substances across a cell membrane from one side to the other, often involving both active and passive transport mechanisms.

The process by which a substance moves from the site of administration into the bloodstream.

The tendency for a drug to be absorbed more readily when it is in a non-ionized form (uncharged and lipid-soluble).

The pH at which a drug is 50% ionized and 50% non-ionized.

Weak acids are more readily absorbed in fluids with a lower pH (e.g., stomach) and tend to accumulate in fluids with a higher pH (e.g., urine).

Weak bases are more readily absorbed in fluids with a higher pH (e.g., small intestine) and tend to accumulate in fluids with a lower pH (e.g., urine).

A drug that blocks the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine, helping to lower blood cholesterol levels.

These drugs block the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, helping to lower blood glucose levels.

The use of drugs to modify the transport of substances across cell membranes.

Substances that can inhibit the back efflux of a drug, increasing its absorption and potentially leading to toxicity.

A type of white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus connected by chromatin. It has pale cytoplasm and a characteristic "drumstick" appendage in females, containing the inactive X chromosome (Barr body).

A white blood cell characterized by a bilobed nucleus and eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm.

A white blood cell with an S-shaped nucleus and abundant basophilic granules in the cytoplasm. They play a crucial role in allergic and inflammatory reactions.

The largest white blood cell in a blood smear, recognized by a large, eccentric, kidney-shaped nucleus. They have irregular surface projections and abundant lysosomes.

The process by which neutrophils engulf and destroy bacteria.

The process by which eosinophils engulf and destroy antigen-antibody complexes and parasitic invaders.

The release of histamine and heparin from basophil granules, triggering allergic and inflammatory responses.

A life-threatening condition caused by widespread vasodilation, reduced blood volume, and respiratory insufficiency due to basophil degranulation.

The process by which monocytes migrate into connective tissue and transform into macrophages.

A group of cells, including macrophages, that are involved in phagocytosis and immune response.

Specialized cells that engulf and destroy unwanted particles, such as bacteria, dead cells, and foreign substances, within small compartments called phagosomes.

Macrophages release proteins called cytokines, which play a crucial role in starting and controlling inflammation and immune responses.

Macrophages break down foreign invaders into smaller parts called epitopes, presenting them to T lymphocytes (T cells) to trigger an immune response.

These are white blood cells responsible for immunity. They are found in both blood and lymph tissue.

B lymphocytes (B cells) are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that tag and destroy pathogens.

T lymphocytes (T cells) directly attack and destroy infected cells or cancerous cells.

Null cells (NK cells) are a type of lymphocyte that kill infected or abnormal cells without needing to be specifically programmed like T cells.

These are B or T lymphocytes that have encountered an antigen and survived, creating a memory of it. They are primed to respond quickly to a subsequent encounter with the same antigen.

These are B or T lymphocytes that directly participate in the current immune response.

The process where lymphocytes mature and develop specific surface receptors for recognizing antigens.

A type of connective tissue found in the embryo, containing mesenchymal cells embedded in a gel-like ground substance with scattered reticular fibers. It's essential for embryonic development and is present in the pulp of teeth in adults.

A loose, gel-like connective tissue rich in hyaluronic acid, with sparse collagen fibers and fibroblasts. It's found in the umbilical cord, providing cushioning and support.

A type of connective tissue with loosely arranged fibers and dispersed cells within a gel-like ground substance. It's found under epithelial layers, around blood vessels, and provides support and flexibility.

A type of connective tissue with densely packed collagen fibers arranged in a parallel fashion, providing strong tensile strength in a single direction. Found in tendons and ligaments.

A type of connective tissue with densely packed collagen fibers arranged in an irregular manner, providing strength and support in multiple directions. Found in the dermis of skin.