Epistemology and Plato's Philosophy
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Questions and Answers

What does the journey out of the cave symbolize?

  • The philosopher's path from ignorance to knowledge (correct)
  • A search for material wealth
  • A physical escape from prison
  • A quest for power and control

    • Plato's theory of knowledge is based on the belief that ideas are not innate.

    False

    What is Meno's Paradox?

    How can one search for something when they don't know what it is?

    According to Plato, the city ruled by philosophers possesses the highest type of knowledge, which is knowledge of the __________.

    <p>forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts to their definitions:

    <p>Skepticism = The theory that certain knowledge is impossible Meno's Paradox = A question about how one can search for knowledge Theory of Recollection = The idea that learning is remembering old knowledge Global Skepticism = Doubting absolutely everything</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is known as the Father of Cartesianism?

    <p>René Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Charles Mills' concept of 'White Ignorance' primarily illustrate?

    <p>Cognitive models that reinforce dominant social structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indian skepticism suggests that the philosophical method provides certainty of knowledge.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epistemic bubbles are characterized by the deliberate exclusion of information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change did Copernicus introduce during the Scientific Revolution?

    <p>The Earth is not the center of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key feature distinguishes echo chambers from epistemic bubbles?

    <p>Distrust of external information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ is the term used to describe a closed ecosystem that solidifies and amplifies existing beliefs.

    <p>Echo chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts to their key characteristics:

    <p>Epistemic bubbles = Unintentional exclusion of information Echo chambers = Homogeneity of opinion and amplification of beliefs White Ignorance = Distorted perception of reality based on dominant practices Crippled Epistemology = Result of extreme beliefs formed from flawed understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the implications of social and cultural ignorance?

    <p>They are systemic and socially reinforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of structural ignorance applies to individual knowledge only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does memory and forgetting contribute to ignorance and blind spots?

    <p>By selectively emphasizing or forgetting historical episodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophical statement is associated with Descartes?

    <p>I think, therefore I am.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hermeneutical injustice primarily caused by?

    <p>Structural identity bias in collective resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hume believed that knowledge requires metaphysical certainty.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of impressions defined by Hume?

    <p>Original impressions and secondary impressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hermeneutical injustice can be attributed to both incidental and systematic factors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Hume, coherence is more important than __________ in establishing knowledge.

    <p>consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of an experience that could be subject to hermeneutical injustice.

    <p>Sexual harassment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hermeneutical injustice often leads to _________ in making sense of one’s social experience.

    <p>disadvantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of local skepticism involve?

    <p>Doubting certain things specifically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of injustice with its description:

    <p>Hermeneutical injustice = Structural exclusion due to collective bias Testimonial injustice = Individual exclusion due to personal bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following philosophers to their main ideas:

    <p>René Descartes = Cogito, ergo sum David Hume = Local skepticism and empiricism Plato = Theory of Forms Immanuel Kant = Synthetic a priori knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions best counteracts epistemic injustice?

    <p>Reflexively examining one’s own position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Descartes, the existence of an evil demon implies strong certainty about the external world.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Descartes, what guarantees the veracity of distinct ideas?

    <p>The existence of God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Testimonial injustice is concerned primarily with structural biases in society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hermeneutical marginalization arises from _________ inequality in understanding social experiences.

    <p>hermeneutical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one main issue regarding trust in experts?

    <p>Public policies often rely on expert opinions, which can conflict with democratic principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deliberative democracy involves limiting decision-makers to a larger group of people.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method that novices can use to assess which expert to trust?

    <p>Analyzing arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Public policies must be assessed by all persons affected in order to ensure __________.

    <p>legitimacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Deliberative Democracy = A decision-making process that involves a smaller representative group discussing issues Consensus = General agreement among experts Veracity = Truthfulness or accuracy in testimony Bias = A prejudice that affects an expert's objectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a means for novices to determine trust in experts?

    <p>Broadcasted opinions on social media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for trust to be established in the context of testimony?

    <p>Recognition of the other’s epistemic perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Testimonial injustice pertains to the harm done to someone in their capacity as a knower.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inclusivity and equality are considered fundamental features of deliberative democracy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emerges from the mutual understanding of individuals’ epistemic needs?

    <p>Responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'expert/novice problem' as described by Alvin Goldman?

    <p>It refers to the challenge novices face in determining which expert to trust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two types of epistemic injustice identified by Miranda Fricker are testimonial injustice and __________ injustice.

    <p>hermeneutical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to epistemic poverty for one individual in a knowledge-sharing scenario?

    <p>Need for information from another person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of epistemic injustice with their definitions:

    <p>Testimonial Injustice = Harm related to recognition as a knower Hermeneutical Injustice = Harm related to the interpretation of experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for testimony to hold value?

    <p>Both agents' will must be involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a situation of epistemic poverty?

    <p>When an individual requires knowledge that another possesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Epistemology

    • Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines knowledge
    • Focuses on the nature, origin, and possibility of knowledge
    • The study of knowledge is as old as philosophy itself.

    Plato

    • Born in Athens or Aegina between 428 BCE and 423 BCE
    • Died circa 348 BCE
    • Developed the Socratic method
    • His method involved questioning and challenging assumptions to arrive at a better definition

    The Socratic Method

    • Involves establishing an argument (assertion or definition)
    • Identifying exceptions or contradictions
    • Reformulating the argument to address the contradictions
    • Repeating steps 2 and 3 as needed or until a satisfactory conclusion is reached

    Recollection (Anamnesis)

    • Plato's solution to the problem of knowledge acquisition:
    • The soul already possesses all knowledge before birth
    • Recollection is the process of remembering this prior knowledge
    • Our soul knows everything before birth then forgets

    The Divided Line

    • Plato visualized a hierarchy of knowledge in the form of a divided line in The Republic
    • Highest level: Understanding (noēsis) of the Forms (unchanging, eternal)
    • Second level: Abstract reasoning (dianoia) and mathematical thinking (about the Forms)
    • Third level: Belief (pistis) about the physical objects and their appearances
    • Lowest level: Imagination (eikasia) of shadows or reflections

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    Notes Epistemology (2) PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of epistemology and the influential ideas of Plato. This quiz covers the nature of knowledge, the Socratic method, and Plato's theory of recollection. Test your understanding of these pivotal philosophical doctrines.

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