Podcast
Questions and Answers
A researcher believes that knowledge is best acquired through empirical observation and rigorous testing. Which epistemological stance does this align with?
A researcher believes that knowledge is best acquired through empirical observation and rigorous testing. Which epistemological stance does this align with?
- Positivism, highlighting the importance of objective, measurable data. (correct)
- Constructivism, emphasizing the social construction of knowledge.
- Relativism, acknowledging the subjective nature of knowledge.
- Realism, focusing on a single, objective truth.
In a study examining the impact of socioeconomic status on academic achievement, which ontological question is most pertinent?
In a study examining the impact of socioeconomic status on academic achievement, which ontological question is most pertinent?
- What is the nature of academic achievement and how is it defined? (correct)
- To what extent does socioeconomic status determine academic success?
- How can we accurately measure socioeconomic status?
- How do students perceive the relationship between socioeconomic status and their academic performance?
A researcher assumes that there are multiple valid perspectives on a phenomenon, each influenced by individual experiences. Which ontological position does this assumption reflect?
A researcher assumes that there are multiple valid perspectives on a phenomenon, each influenced by individual experiences. Which ontological position does this assumption reflect?
- Relativism, acknowledging the existence of multiple, subjective realities. (correct)
- Constructivism, focusing on knowledge construction through social interaction.
- Realism, assuming a single, objective reality.
- Positivism, emphasizing the importance of measurable data.
Which epistemological approach aligns with the belief that knowledge is primarily constructed through social interactions and cultural contexts?
Which epistemological approach aligns with the belief that knowledge is primarily constructed through social interactions and cultural contexts?
A quantitative study using surveys and statistical analysis typically reflects which combination of ontological and epistemological positions?
A quantitative study using surveys and statistical analysis typically reflects which combination of ontological and epistemological positions?
In the context of educational research, which question best represents an epistemological inquiry?
In the context of educational research, which question best represents an epistemological inquiry?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a relativist ontological perspective?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a relativist ontological perspective?
What is the critical difference between ontology and epistemology?
What is the critical difference between ontology and epistemology?
In conducting research on climate change, a scientist focuses on gathering empirical data to establish causal relationships between greenhouse gas emissions and global temperature increases. Which epistemological stance is most evident in this approach?
In conducting research on climate change, a scientist focuses on gathering empirical data to establish causal relationships between greenhouse gas emissions and global temperature increases. Which epistemological stance is most evident in this approach?
A school district is implementing a new teaching method and wants to assess its effectiveness. From an epistemological perspective, what is the most important question to consider?
A school district is implementing a new teaching method and wants to assess its effectiveness. From an epistemological perspective, what is the most important question to consider?
A researcher is studying the experience of grief. If they operate from a constructivist epistemological perspective, what approach would they likely take?
A researcher is studying the experience of grief. If they operate from a constructivist epistemological perspective, what approach would they likely take?
If a philosopher argues that reality is fundamentally composed of matter and energy, and that all phenomena can be explained through physical laws, what ontological position are they likely holding?
If a philosopher argues that reality is fundamentally composed of matter and energy, and that all phenomena can be explained through physical laws, what ontological position are they likely holding?
A historian is researching the causes of World War I. If they adopt a relativist ontological perspective, how might this influence their approach?
A historian is researching the causes of World War I. If they adopt a relativist ontological perspective, how might this influence their approach?
A social scientist is studying poverty. From a positivist epistemological stance, which research method would they most likely use?
A social scientist is studying poverty. From a positivist epistemological stance, which research method would they most likely use?
Considering the relationship between ontology and epistemology, which statement best describes their interaction?
Considering the relationship between ontology and epistemology, which statement best describes their interaction?
In a study about the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation on reducing anxiety, which question would be considered ontological?
In a study about the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation on reducing anxiety, which question would be considered ontological?
A researcher believes that knowledge is gained through direct experience and sensory observation. This aligns with:
A researcher believes that knowledge is gained through direct experience and sensory observation. This aligns with:
A study aims to explore the lived experiences of immigrants adjusting to a new culture. Which research approach would be most aligned with a relativist ontology and constructivist epistemology?
A study aims to explore the lived experiences of immigrants adjusting to a new culture. Which research approach would be most aligned with a relativist ontology and constructivist epistemology?
When researchers operate from a realist ontology, what assumptions are they most likely to make?
When researchers operate from a realist ontology, what assumptions are they most likely to make?
How does epistemology relate to the scientific method?
How does epistemology relate to the scientific method?
Flashcards
Epistemology
Epistemology
The study of how we know what we know, exploring the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge.
Ontology
Ontology
The study of what exists or the nature of reality, dealing with questions about what kinds of things exist and their nature.
Realist Ontology
Realist Ontology
Belief in one objective reality that exists independently of our perception.
Relativist Ontology
Relativist Ontology
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Positivist Epistemology
Positivist Epistemology
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Constructivist Epistemology
Constructivist Epistemology
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Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research
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Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research
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What is a realist ontology?
What is a realist ontology?
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What is a relativist ontology?
What is a relativist ontology?
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What is positivist epistemology?
What is positivist epistemology?
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What is constructivist epistemology?
What is constructivist epistemology?
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What is Epistemology?
What is Epistemology?
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What is Ontology?
What is Ontology?
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Study Notes
- Epistemology explores the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge.
- Ontology studies what exists and the nature of reality.
Epistemology
- Epistemology is the study of how we know what we know.
- Key questions include: "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", and "Can we trust what we know?"
- Example: Determining if a child understands a concept through tests, observation, or dialogue.
- A positivist epistemology suggests knowledge comes from empirical observation and testing.
- A constructivist epistemology suggests knowledge is socially constructed through interaction.
Ontology
- Ontology is the study of what exists or the nature of reality.
- It addresses questions about the kinds of things that exist and their nature.
- Key questions include: "What is reality?", "What entities exist in the world?", and "Is there a single truth or multiple truths?"
- Example: Determining if learning is a measurable behavior or a personal, internal process.
- A realist ontology suggests learning is an observable behavior, believing in one objective reality.
- A relativist ontology suggests learning is subjective and varies by individual, believing in multiple realities.
Connection between Epistemology and Ontology
- Beliefs about what is real (ontology) influence how we think we can know about it (epistemology).
- Realist ontology aligns with positivist epistemology, using scientific methods to gain knowledge.
- Relativist ontology aligns with constructivist epistemology, understanding through experience and interpretation.
- Realist ontology + positivist epistemology often leads to quantitative research like surveys and experiments.
- Relativist ontology + constructivist epistemology often leads to qualitative research like interviews and ethnography.
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