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Questions and Answers
What does Ontology primarily study?
Which statement best describes the relationship between reality and knowledge?
How does the Scientific Approach perceive reality?
What significant naval innovation was developed during the Roman Civilization?
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What characteristic does Common Sense have as knowledge?
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Which approach emphasizes that reality is constructed through experiences?
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Which of the following is considered a major contribution of Greek Civilization?
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What defines knowledge according to the content?
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What was a consequence of the Agricultural Revolution in the Americas?
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Which statement best distinguishes the theoretical world from the real world?
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Which medical device was invented in relation to recent discoveries?
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What belief was challenged by the discovery of Homo luzonensis?
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Which of the following is a key component of Epistemology?
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Which early communication method was NOT mentioned as a form of recording information?
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What invention by Johannes Gutenberg had a significant impact on information sharing?
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Which ancient writing system was developed around 3100-3000 BCE?
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Who emphasized the importance of proof as the cornerstone of scientific inquiry?
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What significant advancement was attributed to Alan Turing in 1936?
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Which cave is known for paintings that date back to 33,000-30,000 BCE?
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Which communication development revolutionized media during the 19th century?
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Which philosopher is associated with the early Greek philosophy that sought logical explanations for natural phenomena?
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What key impact did the advancements in communication methods have on society?
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What was the primary contribution of Ptolemy to the field of astronomy?
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Which of the following materials was NOT used to record ancient information?
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What was the significant aspect of Pythagoras's influence on science?
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Which philosopher's approach involved systematic experimentation to discover nature's rules?
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What philosophical belief is associated with Aristotle?
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What key idea did Thales introduce regarding the nature of truth in science?
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Which statement about Francis Bacon is accurate?
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Who proposed the geocentric theory in the 4th century BCE?
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What was Aristarchus of Samos known for proposing?
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What did Galileo Galilei contribute to the Copernican theory?
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Which of the following is NOT a humor in the four humors theory?
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Who is recognized as the father of germ theory?
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What was the significance of Isaac Newton's work?
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What was one impact of the Copernican revolution on medicine?
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Which year did Nicolaus Copernicus publish 'De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium'?
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Study Notes
Epistemology and Ontology
- Ontology: Examines the nature of reality; explores what reality truly is.
- Reality: Encompasses all that is perceivable through the five senses; persists regardless of belief.
- Epistemology: Investigates knowledge and the conditions under which reality can be known, utilizing both scientific and interpretative methods.
- Theoretical vs Real Worlds: Differentiates between abstract ideas and concepts (theoretical) and direct experiences (real), suggesting perception shapes knowledge.
- Knowledge Definition: Comprised of facts and organized information shaped by individual perceptions of reality.
- Scientific Approach: Views reality as objective and independent of human perception; can be studied empirically.
- Interpretive Approach: Considers reality as socially constructed through individual experiences and interactions.
Information Revolution
- Early Communication Methods: Included smoke signals, drums, drawings, spoken, and written word.
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Recording Media Evolution:
- Ancient Techniques: Cave paintings and natural dyes or inks (e.g., Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc, Angono Petroglyphs).
- Writing Systems: Cuneiform (3100-3000 BCE) and Baybayin reflect cultural literacy.
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Key Developments:
- Printing press (Gutenberg, 1454), early printed works like "Doctrina Christiana" in the Philippines.
- Advancements in communication: Telegraph, newspapers, and early computers (Turing, 1936).
- Impact on Society: Transformed methods of information recording and sharing, enhancing global communication.
Historical Development of Science
- Miletus Group: Thales of Miletus questioned natural phenomena through logic rather than mythology.
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Key Figures:
- Ptolemy: Developed geocentric models, positioning the Earth at the universe's center.
- Pythagoras: Influenced mathematical understanding and encouraged proof over belief.
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Scientific Method Foundations:
- Francis Bacon: Advocated for empirical approaches and inductive reasoning essential for modern scientific inquiry.
- René Descartes: Promoted systematic thinking and rationalism in scientific investigations.
- Archaeological Insights: Evidence from civilizations like the Romans and Greeks contributed to advancements in various fields.
Recent Inventions and Discoveries
- Migration of the Americas: Early human settlement via Beringia led to distinctive prehistoric cultures.
- Agricultural Revolution: Paved the way for advanced civilizations in Mesoamerica, such as the Olmecs and Aztecs.
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Innovative Creations:
- Maria Orosa: Invented banana ketchup, showcasing culinary innovation.
- Homo luzonensis: Discovery highlighted human evolution events in the Philippines, dating back 50,000 to 67,000 years.
Copernican Revolution
- Challenge to Geocentrism: Spearheaded by Copernicus, advocating for a heliocentric model of the solar system.
- Galileo and Kepler: Provided empirical support for heliocentric theory; Galileo faced persecution for his views.
- Impact on Science: Shifted paradigms in astronomy and laid groundwork for modern scientific inquiry.
Germ Theory of Disease
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Historical Theories:
- Four humors theory (black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, blood) and miasma theory proposed misunderstood disease origins.
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Key Contributors:
- Louis Pasteur: Established pasteurization and studied disease transmission.
- Joseph Lister: Pioneered aseptic techniques improving surgical outcomes.
- Robert Koch: Developed Koch's postulates, founding principles of germ theory.
- Medical Advancement: Revolutionized understanding of disease transmission, establishing foundational practices for public health and modern medicine.
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Description
Test your understanding of epistemology and ontology with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the nature of reality, the distinction between theoretical and real worlds, and the definition of knowledge. Delve into different approaches to studying reality, including scientific and interpretive methods.
