30 Questions
What happens to epigenetic imprints during meiosis in germ cells?
They are erased and new ones are set based on the sex of the organism
What is the effect of methylation at imprinting control regions (ICRs) on gene expression?
It can turn the genes on or off depending on the ICR and gene configuration
What is the effect of small deletions in the chromosome 15; q11-13 region on gene imprinting?
At least two genes are differently imprinted
What is the result of a non-methylated maternal insulator in the Igf2 gene?
Transcription is silenced
What is the role of CpG islands in the ncRNA mechanism of imprinting?
They allow the production of ncRNA
What is the purpose of the epigenetic phenomenon that helps differentiated cells maintain their fates through cell divisions?
To maintain cellular identity
Which syndrome occurs when the deletion is inherited from the father?
Prader-Willi syndrome
How many imprinted genes have been identified by RNA-Seq?
About 100
How is the memory of constitutive heterochromatin transmitted through cell divisions?
Through epigenetic modification
What is the result of a methylated paternal insulator in the Igf2 gene?
Transcription is active
What is the role of the inactive X chromosome in the somatic cells of mammalian females?
To maintain cellular identity
What is the mechanism of imprinting in which an ICR contains a noncoding RNA?
ncRNA mechanism
What is the primary effect of DNA methylation on gene expression?
Gene silencing
What is the role of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in DNA methylation?
Adding methyl groups to DNA
What happens to the cytosine methylation pattern during DNA replication?
It is copied
What is the consequence of DNA methylation on transcription factors?
They are prevented from accessing DNA
What is the result of DNA methylation on gene regulation?
Gene repression and silencing
What is the significance of DNA methylation in cell division?
It is a long-term modification
What is the mechanism by which cells 'remember' their fate from cell generation to cell generation?
Histone modifications
Which of the following is an example of epigenetic phenomena where genes transmit information about their silenced state to subsequent cells?
Imprinting
What is the role of the master regulator in determining cell fate?
To determine gene expression and potential fates
What is the function of the Polycomb response element (PRE) in Hox gene repression?
To bind repressors and recruit the PRC2 co-repressor complex
What is the result of the PRC2 complex methylating lysine 27 in histone H3?
Repression of Hox gene expression
What is the role of Hox genes in Drosophila development?
To set up the animal's segmented body plan
What is the role of PRC2 binding to the PRE in maintaining silencing at Hox genes?
It is required for maintaining silencing but not necessary for initiating silencing.
What type of chromatin is found at centromeres and is important for preventing transposable element mobilization?
Constitutive heterochromatin
What is the type of epigenetic inheritance that occurs when epigenetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next?
Intergenerational inheritance
What is the process by which the environment can alter epigenetic information that is subsequently transmitted intergenerationally?
Epigenetic adaptation
What is the gene that is an example of epigenetic inheritance in mice?
Agouti gene
Can a trait acquired by a multicellular organism through environmental influences be passed on to its progeny?
Yes, it is possible through epigenetic inheritance.
Test your knowledge on the different types of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone methylation, and more. Learn about the mechanisms and effects of these modifications on gene expression.
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