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Epigenetic Alterations in Cancer Treatment

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Epigenetic Alterations in Cancer Treatment

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Questions and Answers

What makes targeting epigenetic alterations an attractive approach in cancer therapeutics?

The irreversible nature of epigenetic alterations.

The lack of off-target effects with epigenetic drugs.

The ease of identifying epigenetic targets.

The reversible nature of epigenetic alterations. (correct)

What is the primary mechanism of action of decitabine and azacytidine in treating cancer?

DNA demethylation. (correct)

Promotion of histone methylation.

Inhibition of histone acetylation.

Direct cell cycle arrest.

For which types of cancer have decitabine and azacytidine received approval for clinical use?

Solid tumors such as breast and colon cancer.

Neurological cancers such as glioblastoma.

Skin cancers such as melanoma.

Haematological malignancies and myelodysplastic syndromes. (correct)

What aspect of current clinical trials involving epigenetic drugs is particularly encouraging?

<p>Demonstrated efficacy of these drugs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agencies have approved decitabine and azacytidine?

<p>American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epigenetic alterations

Changes in gene expression without altering DNA sequence.

Histone acetylation

A process that modifies histone proteins and affects gene expression.

DNA methylation

The addition of a methyl group to DNA, often silencing gene expression.

Decitabine

A DNA demethylating agent approved for certain cancers.

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Clinical trials

Research studies performed to test new drugs or therapies.

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Study Notes

Epigenetic Alterations in Cancer Treatment

Epigenetic alterations in cancer are reversible, making timely targeting a promising therapeutic approach.
Drugs targeting histone acetylation and DNA methylation are being developed.
Clinical trials show encouraging results for these drugs, indicating potential for epigenetic therapy.
Decitabine (Dacogen®) and azacytidine (Vidaza®, Azadine®, Onureg®) are approved DNA demethylating agents.
These approved drugs show efficacy in haematological malignancies and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

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Description

Explore the promising role of epigenetic alterations in cancer therapy. This quiz covers reversible modifications, targeted drug development, and approved treatments like Decitabine and Azacytidine. Gain insights into the clinical efficacy of these approaches for haematological malignancies and myelodysplastic syndromes.