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Epigenetic Therapy in Cancer

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary rationale behind the increasing interest in targeting epigenetic alterations for cancer treatment?

The high cost-effectiveness of epigenetic drugs.

The limited success of traditional chemotherapies.

The reversible nature of epigenetic alterations. (correct)

The irreversible nature of genetic mutations.

Which of the following best describes the current status of drugs targeting histone acetylation and DNA methylation?

They are being tested in clinical trials with promising results. (correct)

They have shown limited efficacy in treating solid tumors.

They are only in preclinical development stages.

They have been abandoned due to severe side effects.

For which specific types of cancer have decitabine and azacytidine been approved for clinical use by the FDA and EMA?

Melanoma.

Solid tumors like breast and lung cancer.

Gastrointestinal cancers.

Haematological malignancies and myelodysplastic syndromes. (correct)

What is the primary mechanism of action of decitabine and azacytidine in treating cancer?

<p>DNA demethylation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of targeting epigenetic pathways in cancer therapy compared to traditional chemotherapy?

<p>Epigenetic therapy can reverse altered gene expression without altering DNA sequence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epigenetic therapy

A treatment approach targeting reversible epigenetic changes in cancer.

Histone acetylation

The process of adding acetyl groups to histones, impacting gene expression.

DNA methylation

The addition of methyl groups to DNA, often silencing genes.

Decitabine

A DNA demethylating agent approved for certain blood cancers.

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Clinical trials

Research studies conducted to test the efficacy of new treatments.

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Study Notes

Epigenetic Therapy in Cancer

Epigenetic alterations in cancer are reversible, making them a potential target for therapy.
Drugs targeting histone acetylation and DNA methylation are being developed.
Clinical trials of these drugs show promising results for epigenetic therapy.
Decitabine (Dacogen®) and azacytidine (Vidaza®, Azadine®, Onureg®) are approved DNA demethylating agents.
These drugs are used for haematological malignancies and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).
FDA and EMA have approved their clinical use.

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Description

Explore the revolutionary field of epigenetic therapy in cancer treatment. This quiz delves into the mechanisms of epigenetic alterations, the development of drugs targeting histone acetylation and DNA methylation, and the promising results from clinical trials. Understand the applications of approved agents like Decitabine and Azacytidine in treating hematological malignancies.