Questions and Answers
Which statement about incidence is correct?
Affected by duration
In the study comparing 500 children with a particular disease to 500 disease-free children, what type of study is it?
Case-control study
What type of study is a longitudinal study?
Prospective study
Specificity of a screening test refers to its ability to detect:
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In the transmission of filariasis, what type of transmission is involved?
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What is incorrect about the composition of new low osmolarity ORS?
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What does a health worker do next if they receive 2 open vials of IPV and BCG for a vaccination programme?
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What is the recommended daily extra energy intake for an adult pregnant woman with heavy work?
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In a community, when is xerophthalmia considered a problem?
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What is the purpose of rapidly classifying the injured during a disaster based on their likelihood of survival?
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Under the ESI Act, how long is extended sickness benefit provided for?
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Which measure of dispersion is NOT included in measures of dispersion?
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What is the common complication associated with a positive Nikolsky sign and acanthocytes on Tzank smear?
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A 35-year-old male develops generalized tonic-clonic seizures after stopping alcohol for 2 days. How would he be best managed?
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Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to barium studies?
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If a worker in a welding factory has an accident, which investigation is contraindicated?
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What is the primary purpose of the Pin Index System in anesthesia machines?
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In medical research, which type of study focuses on data collected at a single point in time?
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Study Notes
Incidence and Prevalence
- Incidence measures new cases of a disease or condition over a specific time period
- Prevalence measures existing cases of a disease or condition at a specific point in time
- Incidence is not affected by duration, whereas prevalence is
Study Types
- Case-control study: compares a group with a disease (cases) to a group without the disease (controls)
- Cross-sectional study: examines a population at a single point in time to identify associations between variables
- Cohort study: follows a group of people over time to examine the development of a disease or condition
Screening and Diagnosis
- Specificity of a screening test refers to its ability to detect true negatives (those without the disease)
- Sensitivity of a screening test refers to its ability to detect true positives (those with the disease)
Disease Transmission
- Cyclical transmission: a pathogen requires an alternate host or vector to complete its life cycle
- Cyclo-developmental transmission: a pathogen undergoes developmental changes in a vector or intermediate host
Epidemiology
- Filariasis is an example of cyclo-developmental transmission
- Sample Registration System (SRS) is a dual-record system used to enumerate births and deaths in a population
Demography
- General fertility rate: the number of live births per 1,000 women in the reproductive age group in a year
- India is currently in the second stage of the demographic cycle
Vaccination and Immunization
- Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for meningococcal meningitis involves administration of antibiotics and/or vaccination
- Open vials of IPV and BCG vaccine should not be used
Nutrition
- The recommended daily energy intake for an adult pregnant woman with heavy work is 3050 kcal
Ophthalmology
- Xerophthalmia is a public health problem if the prevalence of night blindness is more than 0.5%
Disaster Management
- Triage involves rapidly classifying injured people based on the likelihood of their survival with prompt medical intervention
