Epidemiology of Oral Diseases

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Questions and Answers

Which bacteria can produce caries by themselves or act synergistically with Streptococcus mutans?

Dental plaque

Actinomyces

Streptococcus mutans

Acidophillus (correct)

What is dental plaque?

A type of bacteria

A type of disease

A dense non-mineralized, highly organized mass of bacterial colonies (correct)

A type of environmental factor

What is an environmental factor that decreases dental caries in developed countries?

Urbanization

Geographic variation

Sucrose

Selenium in soil (correct)

What is associated with an increase in dental caries?

Humidity and rainfall Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of dental caries?

A progressive, irreversible microbial disease of multifactorial nature Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria are the earliest colonizers of dental surfaces?

Actinomyces Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Streptococcus mutans in dental caries?

It initiates the caries and causes enamel caries Signup and view all the answers

What is implicated in root caries?

Actinomyces Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidemiological triad of dental caries?

Host factor, agent factor, and environment factor Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of socioeconomic status on dental caries?

It increases the risk of dental caries Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Lactobacillus in dental caries?

It is responsible for caries progression and causes dentine caries Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of saliva on dental caries?

It decreases the risk of dental caries due to its buffering capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of oral hygiene habits on dental caries?

Good oral hygiene habits decrease the risk of dental caries Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of age on dental caries?

Dental caries is more common in older people Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe cancers of the lip, tongue, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, and pharynx?

Oral cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is primary prevention of periodontal diseases?

Health education, diet counseling, and early diagnosis of gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is most commonly associated with periodontal disease?

Porphyromonas gingivalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe abnormal growth of cells that can invade adjacent tissues and even distant organs?

Cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site of oral cancer?

Lower lip, lateral margins of tongue, and the floor of the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe prevention of plaque formation and accumulation?

Primary prevention Signup and view all the answers

What is the ranking of oral cancer in the world?

One of the ten leading cancers Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe assessment of the problem, scaling, and curettage?

Secondary prevention Signup and view all the answers

In which type of countries is oropharyngeal cancer more common?

Developing countries Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence rate of oral cancer for men?

3.7% Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of pollutant that can cause melanoma?

Organic pollutants such as choloroform Signup and view all the answers

What is the ranking of oral cancer in terms of commonality?

Sixth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of dentists in preventing oral cancer?

Advising smokers to stop using tobacco and reduce alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of screening high-risk groups in secondary prevention of oral cancer?

To diagnose oral cancer at an early stage Signup and view all the answers

What is a lifestyle risk factor for oral cancer?

Tobacco products Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a host factor involved in the initiation and progression of oral cancer?

Genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of rehabilitation after oral cancer surgery?

Dietary counselling and prosthetic rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an agent factor involved in oral cancer?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of therapy that may be required for patients recovering from oral cancer surgery?

Speech therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of tertiary prevention of oral cancer?

To manage and rehabilitate patients after oral cancer treatment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Epidemiology of Dental Caries

Definition: Progressive, irreversible microbial disease of multifactorial nature affecting the calcified tissue of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic portion of the tooth.
Epidemiological triad:
- Host factor: tooth composition, morphology, position, saliva composition, buffering capacity, sex, race, age, socioeconomic status, concomitant disease, oral hygiene habits, familial heredity, and emotional disturbance.
- Agent factor: Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophillus, and Actinomyces.
- Environmental factor: geographic variation, diet, sucrose, urbanization, climate, and soil.

Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases

Definition: Infection of the periodontium, including gingivitis and periodontitis.
Epidemiological triad:
- Host factor: geographic distribution, socioeconomic status, and oral hygiene habits.
- Agent factor: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacteria, and Treponema spp.
- Environmental factor: geographic variation, diet, and urbanization.
Prevention:
- Primary prevention: assessment of the problem, prevention of plaque formation and accumulation, health education, diet counseling, and early diagnosis of gingivitis.
- Secondary prevention: scaling, curettage, and early diagnosis.
- Tertiary prevention: splinting, deep curettage, root planning, and prosthetic rehabilitation.

Epidemiology of Oral Cancer

Definition: A group of diseases characterized by abnormal growth of cells, with the ability to invade adjacent tissues and even distant organs.
Epidemiological triad:
- Host factor: age, sex, race, genetic factors, occupation, and socioeconomic status.
- Agent factor: habits (smoking, tobacco chewing, spicy food, alcohol), and environmental factors.
- Environmental factor: water contamination, air pollution, geographic variation, and industrialization.
Incidence: 3.7% for men and 2.6% for women, with oral cancer ranking as the sixth most common cancer in Sudan.
Prevention:
- Primary prevention: dentists can influence politicians and communities to adopt relevant policies, and directly influence smokers to stop using tobacco, reduce alcohol consumption, and improve their diet.
- Secondary prevention: early detection through screening of high-risk groups, biopsy of any suspicious oral mucosal lesion, and non-healing ulcer.
- Tertiary prevention: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and prosthetic rehabilitation.
- Rehabilitation after oral cancer: dietary counseling, surgery, prosthesis, and speech therapy.

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Description

This quiz covers the epidemiology of oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer. It defines dental caries and explores its multifactorial nature.