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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT directly linked to an increased risk of health issues as a result of intimate partner violence?
Which of the following is NOT directly linked to an increased risk of health issues as a result of intimate partner violence?
- Limited access to healthcare
- Reduced mobility
- Economic costs (correct)
- Elevated stress levels
What is a key factor that highlights the importance of research on intimate partner violence?
What is a key factor that highlights the importance of research on intimate partner violence?
- The focus on intimate partner violence is shifting to men.
- The prevalence of intimate partner violence is decreasing.
- The use of alcohol to manage stress is decreasing.
- The long-term implications on disease burden. (correct)
Which of these is NOT a potential health effect resulting from intimate partner violence?
Which of these is NOT a potential health effect resulting from intimate partner violence?
- Increased mobility (correct)
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Chronic pain
- Insulin-dependent diabetes
What is a key finding in the epidemiology of intimate partner violence in recent years?
What is a key finding in the epidemiology of intimate partner violence in recent years?
What is NOT a potential pathway linking intimate partner violence to negative health outcomes?
What is NOT a potential pathway linking intimate partner violence to negative health outcomes?
What is a common coping mechanism for women experiencing intimate partner violence?
What is a common coping mechanism for women experiencing intimate partner violence?
What is the most accurate statement about the relationship between mental health and intimate partner violence?
What is the most accurate statement about the relationship between mental health and intimate partner violence?
What is a key focus of this chapter in terms of intimate partner violence?
What is a key focus of this chapter in terms of intimate partner violence?
What is the range of lifetime prevalence of physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy, according to the surveys mentioned in the text?
What is the range of lifetime prevalence of physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy, according to the surveys mentioned in the text?
Which of the following countries or regions were identified as having higher prevalence rates of physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy in the surveys discussed?
Which of the following countries or regions were identified as having higher prevalence rates of physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy in the surveys discussed?
What percentage of women who experienced physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy reported their partner punched or kicked them in the abdomen, according to the WHO Study on domestic violence against women?
What percentage of women who experienced physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy reported their partner punched or kicked them in the abdomen, according to the WHO Study on domestic violence against women?
Which of the following types of intimate partner violence were found to have a higher prevalence in antenatal care studies from Africa compared to multisite surveys?
Which of the following types of intimate partner violence were found to have a higher prevalence in antenatal care studies from Africa compared to multisite surveys?
What is the main source of data used in the Global Burden of Disease study to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner homicide?
What is the main source of data used in the Global Burden of Disease study to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner homicide?
What is the period covered by data collected for the Global Burden of Disease study on intimate partner homicide?
What is the period covered by data collected for the Global Burden of Disease study on intimate partner homicide?
Based on the text, which of the following is a key difference between multisite surveys and antenatal care studies on intimate partner violence during pregnancy?
Based on the text, which of the following is a key difference between multisite surveys and antenatal care studies on intimate partner violence during pregnancy?
What is the total number of estimates used in the Global Burden of Disease study on intimate partner homicide?
What is the total number of estimates used in the Global Burden of Disease study on intimate partner homicide?
Based on the provided information, what is the global prevalence of lifetime exposure to physical or sexual intimate partner violence among all ever-partnered women?
Based on the provided information, what is the global prevalence of lifetime exposure to physical or sexual intimate partner violence among all ever-partnered women?
According to the study, what does the prevalence of lifetime exposure to intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women suggest about the timing of this violence?
According to the study, what does the prevalence of lifetime exposure to intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women suggest about the timing of this violence?
The prevalence of intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women is highest in which WHO regions?
The prevalence of intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women is highest in which WHO regions?
What is the main factor contributing to the increased focus on intimate partner violence during pregnancy?
What is the main factor contributing to the increased focus on intimate partner violence during pregnancy?
Which of the following factors were NOT corrected for in the prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence?
Which of the following factors were NOT corrected for in the prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence?
What is the estimated prevalence of intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women in the Americas?
What is the estimated prevalence of intimate partner violence among ever-partnered women in the Americas?
What is the significance of the prevalence rates of intimate partner violence being similar across age groups?
What is the significance of the prevalence rates of intimate partner violence being similar across age groups?
What was the primary methodology used to collect data for the prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence?
What was the primary methodology used to collect data for the prevalence estimates of intimate partner violence?
Which factor is linked to an increased likelihood of intimate partner violence according to the content?
Which factor is linked to an increased likelihood of intimate partner violence according to the content?
What role does women's age play in intimate partner violence risk factors?
What role does women's age play in intimate partner violence risk factors?
What effect does social disorganization theory suggest about neighborhoods?
What effect does social disorganization theory suggest about neighborhoods?
Which of the following is identified as a risk factor specifically in Germany?
Which of the following is identified as a risk factor specifically in Germany?
How does employment instability relate to intimate partner violence?
How does employment instability relate to intimate partner violence?
What can lower rates of intimate partner violence according to community support?
What can lower rates of intimate partner violence according to community support?
What trend has been observed in relation to intimate partner violence across various countries?
What trend has been observed in relation to intimate partner violence across various countries?
What is one effect of neighborhood surveillance on intimate partner violence?
What is one effect of neighborhood surveillance on intimate partner violence?
According to the provided content, which of the following is NOT a common indicator of relationship status and quality?
According to the provided content, which of the following is NOT a common indicator of relationship status and quality?
According to the provided content, what does social exchange theory suggest is a potential cost of engaging in intimate partner violence?
According to the provided content, what does social exchange theory suggest is a potential cost of engaging in intimate partner violence?
Which of the following is NOT a reason outlined in the content for why intimate partner violence might occur?
Which of the following is NOT a reason outlined in the content for why intimate partner violence might occur?
According to the provided content, what is a potential implication of the relationship between gender roles and intimate partner violence?
According to the provided content, what is a potential implication of the relationship between gender roles and intimate partner violence?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between relationship duration and the risk of experiencing intimate partner violence?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between relationship duration and the risk of experiencing intimate partner violence?
According to the content, which of the following factors is NOT directly linked to the likelihood of experiencing intimate partner violence?
According to the content, which of the following factors is NOT directly linked to the likelihood of experiencing intimate partner violence?
The text emphasizes the role of the patriarchal nature of society in the prevalence of intimate partner violence. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of this patriarchal nature that contributes to violence against women?
The text emphasizes the role of the patriarchal nature of society in the prevalence of intimate partner violence. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of this patriarchal nature that contributes to violence against women?
Which of the following theories can be applied to explain the association between relationship quality and intimate partner violence, as described in the text?
Which of the following theories can be applied to explain the association between relationship quality and intimate partner violence, as described in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a protective factor for intimate partner violence according to the presented text?
Which of the following is NOT a protective factor for intimate partner violence according to the presented text?
What is the main reason suggested by the text as to why high levels of education for women can sometimes be a risk factor for intimate partner violence?
What is the main reason suggested by the text as to why high levels of education for women can sometimes be a risk factor for intimate partner violence?
How can children be a protective factor against intimate partner violence?
How can children be a protective factor against intimate partner violence?
What is generally considered a protective factor for intimate partner violence according to the WHO study and the DHS survey?
What is generally considered a protective factor for intimate partner violence according to the WHO study and the DHS survey?
Which theory best explains the relationship between resource availability and intimate partner violence?
Which theory best explains the relationship between resource availability and intimate partner violence?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of arguments about relationship boundaries, as cited in the text?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of arguments about relationship boundaries, as cited in the text?
How can education and employment contribute to a woman's improved bargaining position within a relationship?
How can education and employment contribute to a woman's improved bargaining position within a relationship?
What is the main reason cited in the text for why children are considered a risk factor for intimate partner violence?
What is the main reason cited in the text for why children are considered a risk factor for intimate partner violence?
Flashcards
Rigid Gender Roles
Rigid Gender Roles
Strict expectations about how genders should behave, influencing relationships and power dynamics.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
Violence or abuse that occurs between two individuals in a romantic relationship.
Young Age as a Risk Factor
Young Age as a Risk Factor
Being young in a relationship increases the likelihood of experiencing intimate partner violence.
Social Isolation
Social Isolation
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Urban vs. Rural Impact
Urban vs. Rural Impact
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Social Disorganization Theory
Social Disorganization Theory
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Neighborhood Surveillance
Neighborhood Surveillance
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Prevalence Studies
Prevalence Studies
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Global prevalence of intimate partner violence
Global prevalence of intimate partner violence
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Regional prevalence variation
Regional prevalence variation
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Americas IPV prevalence
Americas IPV prevalence
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Other regions IPV prevalence
Other regions IPV prevalence
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Age variation in IPV
Age variation in IPV
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IPV commonality in relationships
IPV commonality in relationships
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Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy
Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy
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Meta-regression analysis for IPV
Meta-regression analysis for IPV
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Public Health Issue
Public Health Issue
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Prevalence Research
Prevalence Research
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Health Effects of IPV
Health Effects of IPV
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Direct Pathways
Direct Pathways
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Indirect Pathways
Indirect Pathways
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Sustained Elevated Stress
Sustained Elevated Stress
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Health Burden of IPV
Health Burden of IPV
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Cohabiting Couples
Cohabiting Couples
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Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence
Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence
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Protective Factor for Intimate Partner Violence
Protective Factor for Intimate Partner Violence
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Impact of Children
Impact of Children
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Education's Role
Education's Role
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Resource Theory
Resource Theory
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Women's Employment
Women's Employment
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Social Networks
Social Networks
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Feminist and gender role theories
Feminist and gender role theories
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Intimate partner violence triggers
Intimate partner violence triggers
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Empowerment impact on violence
Empowerment impact on violence
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Traditional roles and safety
Traditional roles and safety
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Relationship status indicators
Relationship status indicators
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Social exchange theory
Social exchange theory
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Cohabiting and violence
Cohabiting and violence
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Abusive partner perceptions
Abusive partner perceptions
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Physical Intimate Partner Violence
Physical Intimate Partner Violence
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Prevalence during Pregnancy
Prevalence during Pregnancy
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DHS Survey
DHS Survey
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WHO Study
WHO Study
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Antenatal Care Surveys
Antenatal Care Surveys
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Intimate Partner Homicide
Intimate Partner Homicide
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Global Burden of Disease Study
Global Burden of Disease Study
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Violence Reporting
Violence Reporting
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Study Notes
Epidemiology of Intimate Partner Violence
- Violence against women, including intimate partner violence (IPV), is a significant public health issue
- Research on IPV prevalence and effects has increased in the last 20 years, but research on health effects of different forms of IPV is less developed.
- IPV can cause physical, sexual, reproductive, and mental health problems.
- IPV impacts health in direct ways (injuries) and indirect ways (stress/reduced access to resources/healthcare).
- Sustained stress from IPV is linked to cardiovascular issues, hypertension, gastrointestinal problems, chronic pain, and diabetes.
- Women may use drugs/alcohol to cope with IPV stress.
- IPV is defined as physical, sexual, emotional, or economic abuse, including controlling behavior, by an intimate partner (includes same-sex partners).
Global Prevalence of IPV
- Global lifetime prevalence of physical, sexual, or both, IPV against ever-partnered women is 30.0% (95% Confidence Interval: 27.8% - 32.2%).
- Prevalence is highest in Southeast Asian, Eastern Mediterranean, and African regions (approximately 37% of ever-partnered women reported experience).
- Prevalence is lower in the Americas (around 30%) and other regions (around 25%).
IPV by Age
- IPV prevalence varies slightly by age, but young women experience similar rates as older women.
IPV During Pregnancy
- Studies show IPV during pregnancy rates range from 1% to 28%.
- Highest rates were found in Latin America and Africa. Lower rates in Europe and Asia .
- Physical IPV during pregnancy often involves physical assault to the abdomen (e.g., punching or kicking).
Intimate Partner Homicide
- Global median percentage of intimate partner homicide is above 13% for female victims; above 38% for female homicides perpetrated by an intimate partner.
- Median for male homicide is about 6%.
- High-income countries have a higher number of studies on intimate partner homicide.
- Prevalence rates are higher in Southeast Asia, high-income countries, and Africa for female partner homicide
Risk and Protective Factors of IPV
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Risk Factors:
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Unfavorable gender attitudes (support for wife beating).
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Young age of the couple.
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Short relationship duration.
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High levels of stress.
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Relationship dissatisfaction.
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Alcohol use by male partner.
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Childhood experiences of abuse (in both partners).
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Lower levels of education.
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Unemployment.
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Social isolation / urban setting
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Protective Factors:
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Higher levels of education.
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Employment.
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Strong social support systems.
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Positive gender attitudes.
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