Epidemiology Health & Disease Learning Objectives

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What is the primary focus in the Stage of Susceptibility?

Identifying risk factors for chronic diseases (correct)

Identifying the disease process

Treating acute symptoms of a disease

Diagnosing a disease at an early stage

What is an example of a modifiable risk factor mentioned in the text?

Immune suppression

Genetic predisposition

Chronic alcoholism (correct)

Atherosclerotic changes

In the Stage of Presymptomatic Disease, what is true about the disease process?

Pathogenic changes have started to occur, but are below the level of clinical detection (correct)

The disease can be diagnosed with certainty

The disease is already manifesting symptoms

The disease process has not started yet

What is an example of a disease process that may occur in the Stage of Presymptomatic Disease?

Atherosclerotic changes in coronary vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the risk factors in the Stage of Susceptibility?

Not all individuals with the risk factor will develop the disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of health according to the WHO?

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of disease includes the presence of basic human needs being met and peaceful coexistence in communities?

Stage of Recovery/Disability/Death Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying common source, propagated, and mixed epidemics?

To classify different patterns of disease transmission Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of disease does the course remain unaffected by treatment?

Stage of Susceptibility Signup and view all the answers

What favors the development of disease early in life before clinical symptoms appear?

Pathologic changes before the appearance of clinical disease Signup and view all the answers

In the natural history of Coronavirus disease 2019, what immediately follows the Stage of Susceptibility?

Stage of Presymptomatic Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subdividing the stage of clinical disease?

For better management of cases and for epidemiologic study Signup and view all the answers

Which is usually used for the therapeutic classification of cancer?

Stage of clinical disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of classifying diseases into homogenous subgroups?

For reducing variability and evaluation of therapeutic agents Signup and view all the answers

In the context of disease classification, what does 'localized' typically indicate?

Better survival rate Signup and view all the answers

For which purpose is the stage of recovery, disability, or death important according to the text?

Clinical management of patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of some diseases that usually resolve completely?

Complete resolution without lasting effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of disability, according to community surveys?

A limitation of a person's activities Signup and view all the answers

How are epidemics classified?

By how they spread through a population Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a point source epidemic?

Persons exposed in one place at one time Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a common source epidemic?

Contaminated water supply Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an intermittent epidemic?

Persons exposed to the disease intermittently Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of an epidemic that combines elements of common source and propagated epidemics?

Mixed epidemic Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epidemic spreads from person to person in an exponential growth pattern?

Propagated epidemic Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a continuous epidemic?

Exposed to a single common source over multiple incubation periods Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transmission is common for vehicleborne or fomiteborne diseases?

Indirect transmission Signup and view all the answers

In a mixed epidemic, what typically follows a common source epidemic?

Propagated outbreak Signup and view all the answers

What makes it difficult to determine which infection came first in a mixed epidemic?