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Questions and Answers

What impact does estrogen have on breastfeeding women regarding contraceptive choices?

  • It has no effect on milk quality or quantity.
  • It is essential for the proper functioning of breastfeeding.
  • It increases the risk of thrombosis, making it a less desirable option. (correct)
  • It enhances milk production, making it a safer option.
  • Which family planning methods are particularly recommended for adolescents once they become sexually active?

  • Hormonal IUDs and sterilization
  • Fertility awareness methods, condoms, and low-dose COCs (correct)
  • Single-use barrier methods and high-dose COCs
  • Natural family planning and progestin injectables
  • What is the recommended time frame for avoiding estrogen-containing preparations postpartum?

  • Until six weeks postpartum
  • Until two weeks postpartum
  • Until one month postpartum (correct)
  • Until three months postpartum
  • What family planning methods are recommended for women over 40 years of age considering their increased risk?

    <p>Low-dose COCs, POPs, progestin injectables, IUDs, or sterilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential health risks associated with postpartum women and contraceptive choices?

    <p>Increased risk of venous thrombosis and embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a vasectomy?

    <p>To close off each vas deferens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage effectiveness is associated with correctly used vasectomies after three months?

    <p>99.9% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major disadvantage is associated with vasectomy procedures?

    <p>It requires minor surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age range is defined as adolescence by the WHO?

    <p>10 to 19 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk is increased for women over 40 when experiencing delayed pregnancy?

    <p>Increased maternal morbidity and mortality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health condition is NOT commonly associated with obesity in women?

    <p>Low birth weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk is associated with smoking during pregnancy?

    <p>Low-birth weight infants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible side effect of a vasectomy?

    <p>Discomfort for two to three days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of bilateral tubal ligation?

    <p>To provide permanent contraception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effectiveness rate of bilateral tubal ligation?

    <p>99.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of bilateral tubal ligation?

    <p>It can be reversed easily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is advised if a woman experiences persistent light-headedness after the procedure?

    <p>Seek medical attention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used for bilateral tubal ligation immediately after childbirth?

    <p>Minilaparotomy with local anesthesia and light sedation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the ideal time for an interval bilateral tubal ligation?

    <p>From six weeks after childbirth if not pregnant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the surgical side effects of bilateral tubal ligation?

    <p>Pain and swelling that diminishes in a day or two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key advantage does bilateral tubal ligation offer to women after the procedure?

    <p>No need to worry about contraception again (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Vasectomy

    A permanent procedure that involves closing the vas deferens, preventing sperm from being ejaculated.

    Vasectomy Effectiveness

    Vasectomy is an effective form of contraception when used correctly. It's almost 99.9% effective after three months.

    Vasectomy Disadvantages

    Vasectomy requires a minor surgery and does not protect against infections like HIV/AIDS.

    Vasectomy Side Effects

    Possible side effects include discomfort, swelling, and pain. Most subside in a few days.

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    Vasectomy Warning Signs

    Seek medical attention if you experience severe bleeding, swelling, pain, or pus at the incision site.

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    Pregnancy Risks for Adolescents

    Adolescents face risks due to lack of knowledge about sexual health like unplanned pregnancy leading to unsafe abortion, pregnancy risks due to youth, and high risk of STIs.

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    Pregnancy Risks for Women Over 40

    Women over 40 have a higher risk of complications during pregnancy, including miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and diabetes.

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    Pregnancy Risks for Obese Women

    Obese women are at risk for medical illnesses like cardiovascular disease and diabetes, increasing the risks during pregnancy.

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    Breastfeeding & Estrogen

    Estrogen in contraceptives can negatively impact breast milk quality and quantity. Therefore, estrogen-based contraceptives are not recommended for breastfeeding women.

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    Postpartum Hypercoagulability

    Pregnancy makes the body more prone to blood clots. This risk continues after childbirth, particularly due to the effects of estrogen.

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    Family Planning for Adolescents

    Adolescents are primarily advised to abstain from sexual activity. If sexually active, safe methods include fertility awareness, condoms, and low-dose birth control pills.

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    Family Planning for Women Over 40

    Older women face higher pregnancy risks, so low-dose birth control pills, progestin injections, IUDs, or sterilization (if desired) are recommended.

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    Family Planning for Obese Women

    Obese women may have health conditions that impact family planning choices. Their doctor should assess their individual risks and recommend appropriate methods.

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    What is Bilateral Tubal Ligation?

    A permanent contraceptive procedure for women who don't want children, where the fallopian tubes are cut or blocked.

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    How does BTL work?

    BTL blocks the fallopian tubes, preventing eggs released from the ovaries from meeting sperm.

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    What are the advantages of BTL?

    BTL is permanent, requires no supplies, and doesn't interfere with sex, breastfeeding, or long-term health.

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    What are the disadvantages of BTL?

    It requires surgery, is permanent, and doesn't offer protection against STIs.

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    When can BTL be done?

    BTL can be performed postpartum (immediately or within 7 days), within 7 days of a menstrual cycle, or after an uncomplicated abortion.

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    What are some warning signs after BTL?

    Watch for severe bleeding, pain, fever, dizziness, or missed periods, and seek medical attention.

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    What is the effectiveness of BTL?

    BTL is highly effective, with a 99.5% success rate, preventing pregnancy.

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    What are the possible side effects of BTL?

    Common side effects include pain and swelling near the incision site, which usually subside quickly.

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    Study Notes

    Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL)

    • A safe and simple surgical procedure providing permanent contraception for women who do not want more children
    • Involves cutting or blocking the fallopian tubes
    • Minilaparotomy using local anesthesia and light sedation is a standard procedure for BTL
    • 99.5% effective, but effectiveness may vary slightly depending on the blocking technique

    Mechanism of Action (BTL)

    • No fertilization occurs
    • Fallopian tubes carrying eggs from ovaries are cut or blocked
    • Released eggs cannot travel down the fallopian tubes to meet sperm

    Advantages (BTL)

    • Permanent method of contraception
    • No need to remember or take supplies
    • Does not interfere with having sex
    • Results in increased sexual enjoyment
    • No effect on breastfeeding
    • No known long-term side effects
    • Can be performed immediately after delivery

    Disadvantages (BTL)

    • Requires minor surgery by a specially trained physician
    • Requires an operating room set-up
    • Considered to be permanent
    • Does not protect against STIs and HIV
    • Limitation of physical activities for about one week

    Possible Side Effects (BTL)

    • Pain and swelling over the operative site (diminishes in a day or two)
    • Superficial bleeding

    Timing of BTL

    • Postpartum: Immediately or within seven days after giving birth
    • Interval: From six weeks after childbirth (if reasonably certain the woman is not pregnant), within seven days after the start of the woman's menstrual cycle, or any time if reasonably certain the woman is not pregnant
    • Post-abortion: Within 48 hours after an uncomplicated abortion

    Warning Signs (BTL)

    • Bleeding, pain, pus, heat, swelling or redness of the wound that worsens or does not heal
    • High-grade fever
    • Fainting, persistent light-headedness, or extreme dizziness in the first week
    • Missed period

    Vasectomy

    • Works by closing each vas deferens to prevent sperm from entering semen
    • Semen is ejaculated but sperm is absent, preventing pregnancy
    • 99.9% effective when used correctly, 99.8% effective in common use
    • Semen is checked three months after procedure to confirm absence of sperm

    Advantages (Vasectomy)

    • Permanent method of contraception
    • No need to take medication or remember supplies
    • Does not interfere with having sex

    Disadvantages (Vasectomy)

    • Requires minor surgery by a specially trained physician
    • Not immediately effective
    • Must be considered permanent
    • Does not protect against STIs, including HIV/AIDS

    Possible Side Effects (Vasectomy)

    • Discomfort for two to three days
    • Pain in the scrotum, swelling, and bruising (decreases within two or three days)
    • Brief feeling of faintness

    Warning Signs (Vasectomy)

    • Severe bleeding or blood clots after procedure
    • Redness, heat, swelling, or pain at the incision site
    • Pus at incision site
    • Pain lasting for months

    Key Messages (BTL and Vasectomy)

    • Procedures are safe for all individuals
    • No long-term side effects
    • Easy to use
    • Intended to be permanent

    Special Populations (family planning considerations)

    • Adolescents: Prioritize abstinence; fertility awareness-based methods, condoms, and low-dose COCs are recommended if sexually active
    • Women over 40: Increased risk of pregnancy-related complications; low-dose COCs, POPs, progestin injectables, IUDs, or sterilization are recommended
    • Obese women: Potential health conditions that may affect family planning; POPs, IUD are recommended
    • Smokers: Reduced risk after three to 12 months of quitting; low-dose estrogen contraceptives may be considered for smokers under 35
    • Postpartum/breastfeeding women: Estrogen-containing contraceptives generally not advised; methods compatible with breastfeeding should be considered

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