Enzymes Quiz

Enzymes Basics

• Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms.

Enzyme Properties

• Proteins denature (unfold) at temperatures above 40°C, leading to loss of enzyme activity.
• Enzymes are highly specific for a particular substrate (substrate specificity).

Enzyme Classification

• Oxidoreductase enzymes catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions.
• Lyases enzymes cleave various chemical bonds without hydrolysis or oxidation.
• Isomerase enzymes catalyze the interconversion of isomers.
• Ligases enzymes catalyze the formation of covalent bonds between molecules.

Enzyme Function

• The main function of enzymes is to increase the rates of chemical reactions in biological systems.
• Enzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Inhibitors and Regulation

• Inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity.
• Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while non-competitive inhibitors bind to an allosteric site.

Carbohydrates and Sucrose

• Sucrose is a common carbohydrate that is broken down into glucose and fructose in the body.
• The purpose of an enzyme (sucrase) in breaking down sucrose is to convert it into easily absorbable sugars.

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

• When a substrate binds to the active site, an enzyme-substrate complex is formed.
• The enzyme-substrate complex then undergoes a conformational change, positioning the substrate for catalysis.
• After the reaction, the product is released, and the enzyme is regenerated from the product-enzyme complex.