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Questions and Answers
What is the function of enzymes in the body?
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being affected.
Which statement describes enzymes?
What are substrates in relation to enzymes?
Substrates are the molecules that bind to enzymes.
What is the enzyme-substrate complex?
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The model explaining how substrates fit into enzymes is called the ______ model.
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The model that describes the conformational change in the enzyme's active site is called the ______ model.
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Which of the following is a cofactor?
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How are enzymes named?
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What does EC stand for in enzyme nomenclature?
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What are some factors that influence enzyme action?
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Study Notes
Enzymes Overview
- Enzymes are complex organic compounds that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
- They exhibit high specificity, catalyzing only one type of chemical reaction.
- Enzymes are recycled, remaining unchanged after reactions.
Structure and Function
- Enzymes have an active site where substrates bind, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
- The reaction involves substrate transformation into products, with products being released afterward.
- Key models of enzyme action:
- Lock and Key Model: Proposed by Emil Fischer; suggests that enzyme and substrate fit together like a key in a lock.
- Induced Fit Model: Proposed by Daniel E. Koshland Jr.; states that substrate binding induces a change in enzyme shape.
Types of Enzymes
- Cofactors: Can be organic (coenzymes) or inorganic; assist in substrate recruitment, often binding loosely to enzymes.
- Nomenclature: Enzymes are named by adding "-ase" to the substrate or the reaction they catalyze (e.g., lactase for lactose).
- Enzymes are classified using EC (enzyme class) numbers consisting of four digits, indicating class, subclass, sub-subclass, and specific enzyme number.
Examples of Biological Enzymes
- Lipase: Breaks down fats.
- Protease: Breaks down proteins.
- Cellulase: Breaks down cellulose.
- Amylase: Breaks down starch.
- Sucrase: Breaks down sucrose.
- Maltase: Breaks down maltose.
- Lactase: Breaks down lactose.
Factors Influencing Enzyme Action
- The concentration of substrate and enzymes affects their activity.
- Temperature and pH levels can significantly impact enzyme function.
- Presence of accelerators can enhance enzyme action.
- Inhibitors can hinder enzyme activity.
- Environmental hazards can disrupt enzyme function.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of enzymes, including their structure, function, and types. You'll learn about how enzymes catalyze reactions and the critical models like the Lock and Key and Induced Fit. Test your understanding of enzyme nomenclature and the role of cofactors.
