Questions and Answers
Most Enzymes are made up of ___
Protein
Enzymes/Proteins are folded into 4 Complex ___
Shapes
What do Enzymes speed up?
Chemical Reactions
Are Enzymes used for Anabolic or Catabolic reactions?
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What is the Optimal Temperature for Enzymes?
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The Optimal pH Level for Enzymes varies. How much is it for Pepsin (in the Stomach)?
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The Optimal pH Level for Enzymes varies. How much is it for Trypsin (in the Small Intestine)?
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What determines an Enzymes Optimal pH level?
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Temperatures above 40 degrees do what to Proteins/Enzymes?
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What are the 2 reasons for Enzymes to Denature?
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What do High Temperatures OR Extreme pH Levels do to Enzymes?
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What is Denaturation?
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Can denatured Proteins be reactivated?
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What part of an Enzyme do Substrates dock to?
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Can Enzymes be reused?
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Enzymes are Catalysts that are made up of either ___ or ___
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What does the Enzyme made up of RNA build?
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Enzyme names usually end in ___
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Enzymes are important for which 3 Synthesis?
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Apart from the 3 Synthesis, Enzymes are also responsible for ___ and ___
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Study Notes
Composition and Structure of Enzymes
- Most enzymes are primarily made of proteins.
- They are folded into four complex shapes which are crucial for their function.
Function and Reactions
- Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions, enhancing the rate at which they occur.
- They are involved in both anabolic (building up) and catabolic (breaking down) reactions.
Optimal Conditions for Enzymes
- The optimal temperature for many enzymes is around 40 degrees Celsius.
- pH levels vary for optimal enzyme activity; for instance, pepsin, active in the stomach, works best at pH 2, while trypsin in the small intestine functions efficiently at pH 8.
- The optimal pH of an enzyme depends on its natural environment; intestinal enzymes favor around pH 7.5.
Effects of Temperature and pH
- Temperatures above 40 degrees can reduce enzyme effectiveness and induce denaturation, altering enzyme structure.
- Enzymes denature due to high temperatures and extreme pH levels, leading to a loss of function.
Denaturation and Reactivation
- Denaturation refers to the process where proteins lose their shape, thereby losing function.
- Denatured proteins can sometimes be reactivated if the denaturing agent (high temperature or extreme pH) is removed.
Enzyme Interaction and Reusability
- Substrates bind to the active site of an enzyme, performing the reaction.
- Enzymes can be reused multiple times after catalyzing a reaction, demonstrating their efficiency.
Enzyme Composition and Nomenclature
- Enzymes can be made of proteins or RNA, functioning as biocatalysts.
- RNA-based enzymes, known as ribozymes, are capable of building DNA.
- The naming convention for enzymes typically ends with the suffix “-ase,” indicating their catalytic role.
Enzymatic Roles in Synthesis and Metabolism
- Essential for protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, and DNA synthesis.
- In addition to synthesis, enzymes facilitate cellular respiration (in lysosomes) and aid in human digestion.
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Test your knowledge of enzymes with these flashcards. Each card covers crucial concepts such as enzyme composition, functions, and properties. Perfect for anyone studying biology or biochemistry.
