Podcast
Questions and Answers
Most Enzymes are made up of ___
Most Enzymes are made up of ___
Protein
Enzymes/Proteins are folded into 4 Complex ___
Enzymes/Proteins are folded into 4 Complex ___
Shapes
What do Enzymes speed up?
What do Enzymes speed up?
Chemical Reactions
Are Enzymes used for Anabolic or Catabolic reactions?
Are Enzymes used for Anabolic or Catabolic reactions?
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What is the Optimal Temperature for Enzymes?
What is the Optimal Temperature for Enzymes?
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The Optimal pH Level for Enzymes varies. How much is it for Pepsin (in the Stomach)?
The Optimal pH Level for Enzymes varies. How much is it for Pepsin (in the Stomach)?
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The Optimal pH Level for Enzymes varies. How much is it for Trypsin (in the Small Intestine)?
The Optimal pH Level for Enzymes varies. How much is it for Trypsin (in the Small Intestine)?
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What determines an Enzymes Optimal pH level?
What determines an Enzymes Optimal pH level?
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Temperatures above 40 degrees do what to Proteins/Enzymes?
Temperatures above 40 degrees do what to Proteins/Enzymes?
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What are the 2 reasons for Enzymes to Denature?
What are the 2 reasons for Enzymes to Denature?
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What do High Temperatures OR Extreme pH Levels do to Enzymes?
What do High Temperatures OR Extreme pH Levels do to Enzymes?
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What is Denaturation?
What is Denaturation?
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Can denatured Proteins be reactivated?
Can denatured Proteins be reactivated?
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What part of an Enzyme do Substrates dock to?
What part of an Enzyme do Substrates dock to?
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Can Enzymes be reused?
Can Enzymes be reused?
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Enzymes are Catalysts that are made up of either ___ or ___
Enzymes are Catalysts that are made up of either ___ or ___
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What does the Enzyme made up of RNA build?
What does the Enzyme made up of RNA build?
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Enzyme names usually end in ___
Enzyme names usually end in ___
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Enzymes are important for which 3 Synthesis?
Enzymes are important for which 3 Synthesis?
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Apart from the 3 Synthesis, Enzymes are also responsible for ___ and ___
Apart from the 3 Synthesis, Enzymes are also responsible for ___ and ___
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Study Notes
Composition and Structure of Enzymes
- Most enzymes are primarily made of proteins.
- They are folded into four complex shapes which are crucial for their function.
Function and Reactions
- Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions, enhancing the rate at which they occur.
- They are involved in both anabolic (building up) and catabolic (breaking down) reactions.
Optimal Conditions for Enzymes
- The optimal temperature for many enzymes is around 40 degrees Celsius.
- pH levels vary for optimal enzyme activity; for instance, pepsin, active in the stomach, works best at pH 2, while trypsin in the small intestine functions efficiently at pH 8.
- The optimal pH of an enzyme depends on its natural environment; intestinal enzymes favor around pH 7.5.
Effects of Temperature and pH
- Temperatures above 40 degrees can reduce enzyme effectiveness and induce denaturation, altering enzyme structure.
- Enzymes denature due to high temperatures and extreme pH levels, leading to a loss of function.
Denaturation and Reactivation
- Denaturation refers to the process where proteins lose their shape, thereby losing function.
- Denatured proteins can sometimes be reactivated if the denaturing agent (high temperature or extreme pH) is removed.
Enzyme Interaction and Reusability
- Substrates bind to the active site of an enzyme, performing the reaction.
- Enzymes can be reused multiple times after catalyzing a reaction, demonstrating their efficiency.
Enzyme Composition and Nomenclature
- Enzymes can be made of proteins or RNA, functioning as biocatalysts.
- RNA-based enzymes, known as ribozymes, are capable of building DNA.
- The naming convention for enzymes typically ends with the suffix “-ase,” indicating their catalytic role.
Enzymatic Roles in Synthesis and Metabolism
- Essential for protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, and DNA synthesis.
- In addition to synthesis, enzymes facilitate cellular respiration (in lysosomes) and aid in human digestion.
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Description
Test your knowledge of enzymes with these flashcards. Each card covers crucial concepts such as enzyme composition, functions, and properties. Perfect for anyone studying biology or biochemistry.
