Questions and Answers
What is denaturation?
What enzyme hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose?
Lactase
Define lactose.
A sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule.
What is lactose intolerance?
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What is galactose?
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Glucose is a form of sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆) that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel _____?
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Define disaccharide.
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What is glycoside hydrolase?
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Define carbohydrate.
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What is cellulose?
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Define hemicellulose.
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What is xylose?
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Define mannose.
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What is rhamnose?
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Define arabinose.
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What is Mycobacterium?
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Study Notes
Enzymes and Related Terms
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Denaturation: Refers to the alteration of a protein's structure due to environmental factors such as heat or pH changes, resulting in a loss of function while the primary structure remains intact.
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Lactase: Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose; commercially available under the trade name Lactaid.
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Lactose: A disaccharide sugar made of one glucose molecule bonded to one galactose molecule.
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Lactose Intolerance: A genetic condition characterized by the inability to properly digest lactose, leading to digestive issues when consuming milk products.
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Galactose: A monosaccharide and a component of lactose, recognized as a sugar that provides energy and is slightly less sweet than glucose.
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Glucose: A simple sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆) that is a primary energy source for the body, circulating in the bloodstream; its deficiency triggers feelings of hunger.
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Disaccharide: Carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules upon complete hydrolysis; lactose is an example.
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Glycoside Hydrolase: Enzymes responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates like cellulose; play roles in biomass degradation and antibacterial defense.
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Carbohydrate: Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; serve as essential nutrients for living cells.
Structural Components and Sugars
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Cellulose: A polysaccharide integral to plant cell walls, formed from glucose monomers linked by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds, providing structural support.
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Hemicellulose: A polysaccharide composed of various sugars (such as xylose and galactose); features short, branched chains and is found alongside cellulose in plant cell walls.
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Xylose: An aldopentose monosaccharide with five carbon atoms (C₅H₁₀O₅); originates from wood and is present in many edible plants.
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Mannose: A sugar monomer (C₆H₁₂O₆) belonging to the aldohexose series, formed from the oxidation of mannitol.
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Rhamnose: A naturally-occurring deoxy sugar (6-deoxy-L-mannose); significant in the composition of the outer membrane of Mycobacterium bacteria.
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Arabinose: An aldopentose (C₅H₁₀O₅) found in hemicellulose and pectin, first isolated from gum arabic, and important in bioengineering.
Microbiology
- Mycobacterium: A genus of Actinobacteria, classified into its own family, known for including pathogens that cause serious diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts related to enzymes, specifically denaturation and the enzyme lactase. Test your understanding of how these enzymes function and their role in biochemical processes. Perfect for students studying biochemistry or related fields.
