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What is a notable characteristic of enzymes in terms of their efficiency?
What is a notable characteristic of enzymes in terms of their efficiency?
Enzymes are highly efficient.
What type of specificity do enzymes exhibit with regards to their substrates?
What type of specificity do enzymes exhibit with regards to their substrates?
Substrate specificity
Why are enzymes not consumed or changed during a chemical reaction?
Why are enzymes not consumed or changed during a chemical reaction?
Because they are highly efficient and specific catalysts.
What is the significance of substrate specificity in enzymatic reactions?
What is the significance of substrate specificity in enzymatic reactions?
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How do the characteristics of enzymes contribute to their role in biological systems?
How do the characteristics of enzymes contribute to their role in biological systems?
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What is the primary function of dehydrogenases in enzymatic reactions?
What is the primary function of dehydrogenases in enzymatic reactions?
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What is the primary difference between oxidases and dehydrogenases?
What is the primary difference between oxidases and dehydrogenases?
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Provide an example of a transferase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group?
Provide an example of a transferase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group?
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What is the role of acceptors in transferase-catalyzed reactions?
What is the role of acceptors in transferase-catalyzed reactions?
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Provide an example of a transferase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group?
Provide an example of a transferase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group?
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What is the primary mechanism by which hydrolases catalyze reactions?
What is the primary mechanism by which hydrolases catalyze reactions?
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What is the primary function of aminotransferases in metabolic pathways?
What is the primary function of aminotransferases in metabolic pathways?
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What is the characteristic feature of kinases that distinguishes them from other enzymes?
What is the characteristic feature of kinases that distinguishes them from other enzymes?
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Provide an example of a substrate that undergoes hydrolysis catalyzed by a hydrolase.
Provide an example of a substrate that undergoes hydrolysis catalyzed by a hydrolase.
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How do hydrolases differ from other enzymes in terms of their reaction mechanism?
How do hydrolases differ from other enzymes in terms of their reaction mechanism?
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What is the function of lyases in terms of double bonds, and what molecules are involved?
What is the function of lyases in terms of double bonds, and what molecules are involved?
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What type of enzyme is responsible for forming a covalent bond between two molecules, and what is the energy source for this reaction?
What type of enzyme is responsible for forming a covalent bond between two molecules, and what is the energy source for this reaction?
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What is the primary function of isomerase enzymes?
What is the primary function of isomerase enzymes?
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What is the primary function of synthetases and carboxylases, and what is the energy requirement for their reactions?
What is the primary function of synthetases and carboxylases, and what is the energy requirement for their reactions?
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Provide an example of an enzyme that belongs to the lyase class, and describe its function.
Provide an example of an enzyme that belongs to the lyase class, and describe its function.
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How do lyases and isomerases differ in their mechanisms of action?
How do lyases and isomerases differ in their mechanisms of action?
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How do ligases, such as synthetases and carboxylases, contribute to the overall efficiency of cellular metabolism?
How do ligases, such as synthetases and carboxylases, contribute to the overall efficiency of cellular metabolism?
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What is the common characteristic of enzymes that belong to the lyase and isomerase classes?
What is the common characteristic of enzymes that belong to the lyase and isomerase classes?
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What is the relationship between the function of ligases and the energy currency of the cell?
What is the relationship between the function of ligases and the energy currency of the cell?
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How do the energy requirements of ligases reflect the fundamental principles of cellular metabolism?
How do the energy requirements of ligases reflect the fundamental principles of cellular metabolism?
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Study Notes
Enzymes Characteristics
- Enzymes are highly efficient and not consumed or changed during chemical reactions.
Classification of Enzymes
- Dehydrogenases and Oxidases: transfer hydrogen or oxygen atoms, respectively, from one molecule to another.
- Transferases: transfer functional groups (e.g., amino or phosphate groups) between donors and acceptors (e.g., aminotransferase and kinases).
- Hydrolases: catalyze the hydrolysis of substrates by adding water (e.g., urease).
- Lyases: remove elements of ammonia or carbon dioxide to (or from) double bonds (e.g., decarboxylases).
- Isomerases: catalyze changes within one molecule (e.g., mutases).
- Ligases: join two molecules together at the expense of ATP (e.g., synthetases and carboxylases).
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Description
Test your knowledge about the characteristics of enzymes, including their efficiency and specificity in chemical reactions.
