Enzymes and Their Mechanisms

<p>Number of peptide bonds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deliver cholesterol to the liver for metabolism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waxes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycosidic bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sphingolipids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a pure substance with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot be broken down. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance made of many monomers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribose has two hydroxyl groups, whereas deoxyribose has one. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration (condensation) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act between different molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transfers amino acids to ribosome enzymes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>α-glycosidic bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To link amino acids together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the reaction rate without altering equilibrium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds very specific substrates and may slightly change shape to fit the substrate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It loses its higher level structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An enzyme bound to its appropriate cofactor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleaves phosphate groups off of a substrate molecule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases the reaction rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inhibitor binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$K_M$ remains unchanged, and $V_{max}$ decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$K_M$ increases and $V_{max}$ remains unchanged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biological catalysts that speed up reactions without being consumed.

The specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.

A type of enzyme that is made of RNA instead of protein.

Molecules that help enzymes function by binding to them.

An enzyme that is bound to its appropriate cofactor, ready to perform its function.

An enzyme that is missing its cofactor and is inactive.

A molecule that binds to an enzyme's allosteric site, altering its shape and activity.

The maximum velocity of a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of many simple sugar units (monosaccharides) linked together by glycosidic bonds.

Starch is a type of polysaccharide made up of glucose units, used by plants for energy storage. The glucose units are linked by alpha-glycosidic bonds.

Glycogen is another type of polysaccharide made up of glucose units, used by animals for energy storage. The glucose units are linked by alpha-glycosidic bonds.

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, providing support and strength.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

The smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element.

Two or more atoms joined together.

Attractive forces that act on atoms within a molecule.

Attractive forces between molecules.

Single molecules that can polymerize.

The linking of several monomer units.

Substances made of many monomers.

A mode of polymerization that releases water.

A long chain of carbons and hydrogens with a carboxyl group at one end. They are hydrophobic due to their nonpolar nature.

A type of lipid that has at least one double bond within its hydrocarbon chain. This makes the chain kinked and less tightly packed.

A type of lipid that has no double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain. This makes the chain straight and tightly packed.

A type of lipid composed of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acid tails.

A type of lipid that has a hydrophilic head group and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. These lipids spontaneously form bilayers in aqueous solutions.

The ability of a lipid bilayer to maintain its fluidity, allowing for movement of molecules within the membrane.

An amphipathic lipid that is a major component of cell membranes. It helps regulate membrane fluidity and is also a precursor to steroid hormones.

A type of lipid that carries cholesterol and other lipids through the bloodstream. It can be classified into high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins.