Enzymes and Cofactors Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of proteins are folded to a more or less spherical shape?

  • Fibrous proteins
  • Collagen proteins
  • Insoluble proteins
  • Globular proteins (correct)
  • Which type of proteins contain long fibers or large sheets and are mechanically strong?

  • Insoluble proteins
  • Globular proteins
  • Collagen proteins (correct)
  • Keratin proteins
  • What kind of bonds contribute to the tertiary structure forces of proteins?

  • Ionic bonds only
  • Disulfide bonds only
  • Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions (correct)
  • Covalent bonds exclusively
  • Which protein structure involves the association of polypeptide chains?

    <p>Quaternary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of side chains do globular proteins have on the outside interacting with the aqueous environment?

    <p>Polar side chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is an example of fibrous protein with important structural roles in nature?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major kinds of secondary structures found in proteins?

    <p>α-helix and β-turns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tertiary structure of a protein describe?

    <p>How the protein folds on its own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atoms are involved in the hydrogen bonding that maintains local conformations in protein secondary structures?

    <p>Carbonyl C and amide H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein structures, what do globular proteins often combine?

    <p>a-helix &amp; b-sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of bond allows free rotation between the α-carbon and amino nitrogen in a residue?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are interactions in the tertiary structure of a protein mainly stabilized?

    <p>By interactions of amino acid side chains in nonneighboring regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an α-helix, how are hydrogen bonds arranged along the chain?

    <p>Parallel to the axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins can have multiple domains?

    <p>All proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a motif and an Indary domain in proteins?

    <p>Motif is in the primary structure, while Indary domain is in the tertiary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal arrangement of hydrogen bonds in an α-helix?

    <p>Maximum repulsion between bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are protein structures represented according to two ways mentioned in the text?

    <p>Space filling model &amp; VanderWaal's model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines β-sheets in protein secondary structures?

    <p>Flat sheets with extended structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of DeepMind's program that outperformed other teams in a protein structure prediction challenge called CASP?

    <p>AlphaFold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who co-founded the CASP challenge in 1994 to enhance computational methods for predicting protein structures?

    <p>John Moult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does denaturation of proteins involve?

    <p>Loss of structural order that gives a protein its biological activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can cause denaturation of proteins by disrupting hydrogen bonds?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can non-polar species in water affect protein structure?

    <p>Reduction in entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of protein aggregation in relation to neurodegenerative diseases?

    <p>Protein aggregation is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 2,3BPG in hemoglobin?

    <p>Acts as an allosteric inhibitor, inhibiting oxygen binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the presence of 2,3BPG, what happens to the P50 for deoxy-Hb?

    <p>Increases from 12 to 26 torr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does BPG have on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin?

    <p>Decreases affinity for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used for determining the structure of proteins by studying protein crystals?

    <p>X-ray diffraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves studying proteins in solutions and sometimes in membranes?

    <p>Nuclear magnetic resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent development has made a significant advancement in determining a protein's 3D shape?

    <p>Artificial intelligence network by Google DeepMind</p> Signup and view all the answers

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