Enzymes and Cofactors Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of proteins are folded to a more or less spherical shape?

  • Fibrous proteins
  • Collagen proteins
  • Insoluble proteins
  • Globular proteins (correct)

Which type of proteins contain long fibers or large sheets and are mechanically strong?

  • Insoluble proteins
  • Globular proteins
  • Collagen proteins (correct)
  • Keratin proteins

What kind of bonds contribute to the tertiary structure forces of proteins?

  • Ionic bonds only
  • Disulfide bonds only
  • Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions (correct)
  • Covalent bonds exclusively

Which protein structure involves the association of polypeptide chains?

<p>Quaternary structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of side chains do globular proteins have on the outside interacting with the aqueous environment?

<p>Polar side chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is an example of fibrous protein with important structural roles in nature?

<p>Keratin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major kinds of secondary structures found in proteins?

<p>α-helix and β-turns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tertiary structure of a protein describe?

<p>How the protein folds on its own (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atoms are involved in the hydrogen bonding that maintains local conformations in protein secondary structures?

<p>Carbonyl C and amide H (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In protein structures, what do globular proteins often combine?

<p>a-helix &amp; b-sheets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of bond allows free rotation between the α-carbon and amino nitrogen in a residue?

<p>Peptide bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are interactions in the tertiary structure of a protein mainly stabilized?

<p>By interactions of amino acid side chains in nonneighboring regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an α-helix, how are hydrogen bonds arranged along the chain?

<p>Parallel to the axis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins can have multiple domains?

<p>All proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a motif and an Indary domain in proteins?

<p>Motif is in the primary structure, while Indary domain is in the tertiary structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal arrangement of hydrogen bonds in an α-helix?

<p>Maximum repulsion between bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are protein structures represented according to two ways mentioned in the text?

<p>Space filling model &amp; VanderWaal's model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines β-sheets in protein secondary structures?

<p>Flat sheets with extended structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of DeepMind's program that outperformed other teams in a protein structure prediction challenge called CASP?

<p>AlphaFold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who co-founded the CASP challenge in 1994 to enhance computational methods for predicting protein structures?

<p>John Moult (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does denaturation of proteins involve?

<p>Loss of structural order that gives a protein its biological activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can cause denaturation of proteins by disrupting hydrogen bonds?

<p>Heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can non-polar species in water affect protein structure?

<p>Reduction in entropy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of protein aggregation in relation to neurodegenerative diseases?

<p>Protein aggregation is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 2,3BPG in hemoglobin?

<p>Acts as an allosteric inhibitor, inhibiting oxygen binding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the presence of 2,3BPG, what happens to the P50 for deoxy-Hb?

<p>Increases from 12 to 26 torr (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does BPG have on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin?

<p>Decreases affinity for oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is used for determining the structure of proteins by studying protein crystals?

<p>X-ray diffraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves studying proteins in solutions and sometimes in membranes?

<p>Nuclear magnetic resonance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What recent development has made a significant advancement in determining a protein's 3D shape?

<p>Artificial intelligence network by Google DeepMind (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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