30 Questions
What type of proteins are folded to a more or less spherical shape?
Globular proteins
Which type of proteins contain long fibers or large sheets and are mechanically strong?
Collagen proteins
What kind of bonds contribute to the tertiary structure forces of proteins?
Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions
Which protein structure involves the association of polypeptide chains?
Quaternary structure
What type of side chains do globular proteins have on the outside interacting with the aqueous environment?
Polar side chains
Which protein is an example of fibrous protein with important structural roles in nature?
Keratin
What are the two major kinds of secondary structures found in proteins?
α-helix and β-turns
What does the tertiary structure of a protein describe?
How the protein folds on its own
Which atoms are involved in the hydrogen bonding that maintains local conformations in protein secondary structures?
Carbonyl C and amide H
In protein structures, what do globular proteins often combine?
a-helix & b-sheets
What kind of bond allows free rotation between the α-carbon and amino nitrogen in a residue?
Peptide bond
How are interactions in the tertiary structure of a protein mainly stabilized?
By interactions of amino acid side chains in nonneighboring regions
In an α-helix, how are hydrogen bonds arranged along the chain?
Parallel to the axis
Which proteins can have multiple domains?
All proteins
What is the difference between a motif and an Indary domain in proteins?
Motif is in the primary structure, while Indary domain is in the tertiary structure
What is the optimal arrangement of hydrogen bonds in an α-helix?
Maximum repulsion between bonds
How are protein structures represented according to two ways mentioned in the text?
Space filling model & VanderWaal's model
What characteristic defines β-sheets in protein secondary structures?
Flat sheets with extended structure
What is the name of DeepMind's program that outperformed other teams in a protein structure prediction challenge called CASP?
AlphaFold
Who co-founded the CASP challenge in 1994 to enhance computational methods for predicting protein structures?
John Moult
What does denaturation of proteins involve?
Loss of structural order that gives a protein its biological activity
Which factor can cause denaturation of proteins by disrupting hydrogen bonds?
Heat
How can non-polar species in water affect protein structure?
Reduction in entropy
What is the significance of protein aggregation in relation to neurodegenerative diseases?
Protein aggregation is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases
What is the role of 2,3BPG in hemoglobin?
Acts as an allosteric inhibitor, inhibiting oxygen binding
In the presence of 2,3BPG, what happens to the P50 for deoxy-Hb?
Increases from 12 to 26 torr
What effect does BPG have on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin?
Decreases affinity for oxygen
What method is used for determining the structure of proteins by studying protein crystals?
X-ray diffraction
Which technique involves studying proteins in solutions and sometimes in membranes?
Nuclear magnetic resonance
What recent development has made a significant advancement in determining a protein's 3D shape?
Artificial intelligence network by Google DeepMind
Test your knowledge on enzymes, cofactors, and the structural characteristics of fibrous and globular proteins. Learn about the roles and properties of these biological molecules.
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