30 Questions
What is the primary function of an enzyme?
To increase the rate of a chemical reaction
What is the characteristic of enzyme-substrate binding according to the induced fit model?
The substrate induces a change in the enzyme's conformation
What is the purpose of the active site in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
To bind to the substrate by noncovalent interactions
Why is the lock-and-key model less likely to be an effective catalyst?
The ES complex may be too stable, reducing the thermodynamic benefit
What is the term for the energy required to reach the transition state from the ground state of the reactants?
Activation energy
What is the characteristic of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
They are 103-1020 times faster than uncatalyzed reactions
What is the primary function of the transition state?
To represent an unstable arrangement of atoms in which chemical bonds are being formed or broken
What is the advantage of inducing a fit in the induced fit model?
It reduces the distance to the transition state
What is the characteristic of most enzymes?
They are proteins
What is the term for the reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
Substrate
What is the characteristic of competitive inhibition?
Km increases
What is the effect of uncompetitive inhibition on Vmax?
Decreases
What is the characteristic of non-competitive inhibition?
Vmax decreases, Km remains the same
What is the effect of adding more substrate in competitive inhibition?
Overcomes the inhibition
What type of inhibition occurs when the inhibitor binds only to the ES complex?
Uncompetitive
What is the effect of non-competitive inhibition on Km?
Remains the same
What is the characteristic of irreversible inhibition?
Forms a stable covalent bond with the enzyme
What is the effect of uncompetitive inhibition on the ES complex?
Decreases the formation of ES
What is the result of irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)?
Death by paralysis
What is the difference between reversible and irreversible inhibition?
Reversible inhibition can be overcome by adding more substrate, while irreversible inhibition cannot
What is the primary purpose of studying Enzyme Kinetics?
To understand various properties of enzymes such as substrate specificity and affinity
What is the unit of measurement for Turnover Number (Kcat)?
sec-1
What does a small KM value indicate?
The enzyme requires only a small amount of substrate to become saturated
What is the purpose of Lineweaver-Burk plots?
To accurately determine Vmax and KM from experimental data
What is the result of excessive heat on enzyme function?
Enzyme becomes completely nonfunctional
What type of inhibitor binds to the active site of E, competing with S?
Competitive inhibitor
What is the definition of Vmax?
The maximum reaction rate reached when the enzyme is completely saturated with substrate
What is the significance of Km in enzyme kinetics?
It gives us information on enzyme affinity for the substrate
What is the definition of catalytic efficiency?
The ratio of Kcat to Km
What is the effect of pH on enzyme function?
Enzymes work best within a particular range of pH
Test your knowledge of enzymes, biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions, and their properties, including stereospecificity and activation energy. Learn about the role of proteins and RNA in enzymatic activity.
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