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Questions and Answers
What are enzymes?
What are enzymes?
- Carbohydrates involved in metabolic processes
- Proteins that act as biological catalysts (correct)
- Lipids that catalyze biological reactions
- Nucleic acids responsible for substrate conversion
What do enzymes act upon?
What do enzymes act upon?
- Substrates (correct)
- Catalysts
- Products
- Inhibitors
What is the study of enzymes called?
What is the study of enzymes called?
- Enzymology (correct)
- Catalysisology
- Catalytic analysis
- Biocatalysis
What is the unique feature of an enzyme's specificity?
What is the unique feature of an enzyme's specificity?
How do enzymes increase the reaction rate?
How do enzymes increase the reaction rate?
What is a unique property of orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase?
What is a unique property of orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase?
What are catalytic RNA molecules called?
What are catalytic RNA molecules called?
How do enzymes differ from most other catalysts?
How do enzymes differ from most other catalysts?
What recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis?
What recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis?
What are the molecules converted by enzymes known as?
What are the molecules converted by enzymes known as?
What is the term used to describe unrelated enzymes that have the same enzymatic activity?
What is the term used to describe unrelated enzymes that have the same enzymatic activity?
What determines the catalytic activity of an enzyme?
What determines the catalytic activity of an enzyme?
What unfolds enzyme structures, causing a loss of activity?
What unfolds enzyme structures, causing a loss of activity?
Where is the catalytic site located in an enzyme?
Where is the catalytic site located in an enzyme?
What are allosteric sites in enzyme structures responsible for?
What are allosteric sites in enzyme structures responsible for?
What is the function of ribozymes?
What is the function of ribozymes?
What is the range of sizes for enzymes in terms of amino acid residues?
What is the range of sizes for enzymes in terms of amino acid residues?
What can horizontal gene transfer do in relation to non-homologous isofunctional enzymes?
What can horizontal gene transfer do in relation to non-homologous isofunctional enzymes?
What is the structure of enzymes generally described as?
What is the structure of enzymes generally described as?
What is the role of the remaining majority of the enzyme structure?
What is the role of the remaining majority of the enzyme structure?
What did German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne first use in 1877?
What did German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne first use in 1877?
How are enzymes usually named?
How are enzymes usually named?
What allowed the structures of enzymes to be solved?
What allowed the structures of enzymes to be solved?
When was the first enzyme, diastase, discovered?
When was the first enzyme, diastase, discovered?
What did the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology develop to classify enzymes?
What did the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology develop to classify enzymes?
What affects enzyme activity significantly?
What affects enzyme activity significantly?
What is denaturation?
What is denaturation?
What did the discovery that enzymes could be crystallized lead to?
What did the discovery that enzymes could be crystallized lead to?
What can alter enzyme activity?
What can alter enzyme activity?
How are enzymes classified?
How are enzymes classified?
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Study Notes
Enzyme Discovery and Classification
- Enzyme activity can be altered by inhibitors and activators
- Therapeutic drugs and poisons often function as enzyme inhibitors
- Enzyme activity is significantly affected by temperature and pH
- Denaturation occurs when enzymes are exposed to excessive heat
- Enzymes are used in commercial applications such as the synthesis of antibiotics and household products like biological washing powders and meat tenderizer
- The first enzyme, diastase, was discovered by French chemist Anselme Payen in 1833
- German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne first used the term "enzyme" in 1877
- Enzymes are usually named according to the reaction they carry out, with the suffix "-ase" combined with the name of the substrate or the type of reaction
- The biochemical identity of enzymes was still unknown in the early 1900s
- The discovery that enzymes could be crystallized allowed their structures to be solved by x-ray crystallography
- Enzymes can be classified based on amino acid sequence similarity or enzymatic activity
- The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology developed a nomenclature for enzymes, the EC numbers, to classify enzymes based on their mechanism and specificity
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