18 Questions
What term describes a chemical species with an affinity for a positive charge and acts as an electron donor?
Nucleophile
Which type of effector involves the substrate binding to the allosteric site in an enzyme?
Homotropic effector
What is the term for a small organic molecule required for enzyme activity?
Coenzyme
In covalent catalysis, what does the enzyme form temporarily with the substrate to catalyze the reaction?
Cosubstrate
What term describes the released energy when weak interactions are formed between the enzyme and substrate, promoting specificity?
Binding energy
Which type of effector involves a ligand binding to the allosteric site that is different from the substrate?
Heterotropic effector
How is metal ion catalysis involved in nucleophile formation?
Raising binding energy
In NMP kinase, what is the purpose of having a divalent ion-bound nucleotide as the true substrate?
Providing a specific conformation for binding
How does proximity aid in catalysis in NMP kinase?
Bringing NTP and NMP close together
What is the role of the P-loop in NMP kinase activation?
Triggering a lid domain closure
What effect does metal ion catalysis have on serine proteases like chymotrypsin?
Enhancing acid-base catalysis
How does metal ion catalysis contribute to enzyme function in restriction endonucleases?
Promotes bond cleavage by acting as a covalent catalyst
What role does carbonic anhydrase play in the reaction of CO2 to HCO3-?
Acts as a proton acceptor
How does Zn2+ contribute to the reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase?
Lowers H2O's pKa
What is the mechanism by which His 64 facilitates the reaction in carbonic anhydrase?
Moves a proton from protein surface to H2O
In carbonic anhydrase, what is the function of OH-?
Attacks HCO3-
What is the main impact of carbonic anhydrase on the speed of the reaction?
Facilitates rapid conversion
How does carbonic anhydrase promote the regeneration of its active site?
Binds to Zn2+ again
Test your knowledge on enzyme catalysis by approximation, involving bringing two substrates close together to facilitate reactions. This quiz covers topics like nucleoside monophosphate kinases, class II transferases, and the role of divalent ions in substrate binding and conformation.
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