81 Questions
which of the following is NOT part of environmental science
all of these are part of environmental science
which of the following describes the approach of empirical science?
investigates by experiment and observation
when people are using a common resource such as water, some will act in a way to maximize it to their own benefit ("if I don't use it, someone else will"), this resource becomes overused or damaged. this is known as:
tragedy of the commons
which environmental worldview describes seeing the world defined through only human values?
anthropocentrism
specific resources often become so critical that their availability influences the size and distribution of a population. these types of resources are called:
limiting factors
the process which converts atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use is:
nitrogen fixation
which of the following is NOT scientifically testable
why do humans need to protect bats from WNS?
in the bat experiment, the researcher monitors the ___ to see if the experiment changes in value(s).
dependent variable
a group of organisms that can generally only interbreed among themselves is known as a/an:
species
this describes the location and spacing of individuals within their habitat or range:
population distribution
the wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park. to measure their success, biologists monitored their ___, the number of individuals per unit area.
population density
a populations growth rate is dependent on:
birth rate and death rate
what can be a problem if population size is too low
genetic diversity can decrease
the strategy that creates walkable communities with lower environmental impact is:
smart growth
in order for urban areas to grow in a sustainable way, a city might establish outer city limits beyond which major development is allowed. these limits are known as:
urban growth boundaries
which of the following is an example of a noncommunicatible disease?
diabetes
a toxic substance that causes cancer after repeated exposure is a(n):
mutagen
which substance would be LEAST toxic based on the LD50?
substance X - LD50 = 100mg
which of the following describes sustainable use of a resource?
using a resource without using it up
if we use fewer resources than the natural interest produces each year, this use would be considered:
sustainable
which of the following sets regulations for emission limits that are strongly enforced?
command-and-control programs
which of the following is true about the cap and trade program?
companies that emit less than the allowable amount of the pollutant receive a credit that can be traded or sold
which of the following is an international agreement that represents a position on an issue and sets goals for countries to sign on?
conventions
most of the water used by humans comes from:
groundwater reserves
which type of technology has the least environmental impact?
recycling wastewater
what is the most common MSW disposal method used in the United States today?
landfilling
which sector uses the majority of the world's water?
agriculture
when coming up with solutions for environmental issues, the triple bottom line states that it must be:
all of the above
which of the following is a cause of wicked problems?
all of the above
what worldview believes that all organisms have value, regardless of their harm or benefit to humans?
biocentric worldview
out of all the listed processes, which of the following lists the description: "sugars break down energy through oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct"
cellular respiration
which of the following worldviews believes that the values should be placed on intact ecosystems not just the individual parts?
ecocentric worldview
a critical characteristic of a hypothesis is that it must be:
falsifiable
viewing forests as only a source of timber is an example of what worldview?
anthropocentric
which group is used in an experimental study that is artificially manipulated to differ in a single distinct way?
test group
in a forest ecosystem, what term describes the arrangement of trees uniformly spaced across the landscape?
regular
true / false: a theory cannot be edited once it is stated.
False
what type of distribution describes individuals spread out over the environment irregularly?
random
which is NOT an example of a density dependent limiting factor?
natural disasters
changes over time in a population size and composition are known as:
population dynamics
what term is "resources individuals need to survive and reproduce that allow a population to grow in number"?
growth factors
there must be 34 sharks to prevent local extinction. this is an example of:
minimum viable population
what is it called when a species grows a proportional amount each breeding cycle? with a J curve on the graph.
exponential growth
true / false: a population that is too small may fail due to reduced genetic diversity.
True
what causes a population to achieve logistic population growth curve?
population approaches carrying capacity
which of these is NOT a problem due to high population size?
inbreeding
which of these years had the lowest human population
1930
which is NOT a pattern of high biotic potential?
logistic growth
which of the following years had the highest human population growth rate?
1963
the total number of different species in a community is called:
species richness
what is the term used to describe a simple, linear path starting with a plant or other photosynthetic organism that identifies what each organism in the path eats
food chain
grass converts solar energy into chemical energy. a bunny eats the grass. a snake eats the bunny. a bird eats the snake. which is the secondary consumer
snake
which is NOT a characteristic of a K-selected organism?
early maturity
true / false: endemic species are native to an area and can be found elsewhere.
False
true / false: the number of unique species decreases with isolation
False
true / false: essential ecological processes that make life on earth possible are called ecosystem services
True
which human activity causes the BIGGEST threat to biodiversity today?
over harvesting (plants and animals)
what is the correct definition of endemic species?
a species that is native to a particular area and is not naturally found elsewhere
what is instrumental value?
an object's or species' worth, based on its usefulness to humans
what is the percentage of all the species that have ever lived on the planet and have gone extinct?
99%
which of the following is NOT an ecosystem regulation or support?
nutrient cycling
what causes a population to change in numbers?
all of the above
what key term defines "an object's or species worth, based on its mere existence; it has an inherent right to exist.
inartistic value
true / false: biodiversity is the variety of life on earth, including species, genetic and ecological diversity.
True
true / false: endemic species are native to all areas and naturally found elsewhere
False
densely populated regions that include cities and the suburbs that surround them are called:
urban areas
who has a higher carbon footprint?
a 20 year old living in a small town
true / false: pigeons are an example of an endemic species
False
what is cause of urban flight?
all of the above
green roofs are one type of rain garden, an area seeded with plants suited to local temperature and rainfall conditions. what are the benefits of green roofs?
all of the above
which is an advantage of urbanization?
lower impact per person
which of the following stages of demographic transition describes when birth rates begin to fall but are still outnumbering the rate of deaths (population is still growing but at a slower rate)?
mature industrial
which toxic substance is responsible for birth defects?
teratogen
true / false: environmental justice is a concept that access to a clean, healthy environment is a basic human right
True
true / false: urban areas are densely populated regions that include cities and the suburbs that surround them
True
true / false: urbanization is the growth of urban areas
True
which of the following do urban green strategies benefit?
all of the above
claiming environmental benefits about a product when the benefits are actually minor or nonexistent is called:
greenwashing
true / false: urban green lands is limited to only certain people
False
true / false: the IPAT equation includes impact, affluence, population and technology
True
true / false: chronic effect is a reaction that occurs rapidly after exposure to a toxic substance has occurred
False
Test your knowledge on environmental science by identifying what is not part of the field. Challenge yourself to differentiate key focuses and major challenges in this important discipline.
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