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Questions and Answers
The evolution of populations due to chance is?
The evolution of populations due to chance is?
If color is an inherited trait in beetles, and birds are more likely to eat brown beetles than green beetles, what happens?
If color is an inherited trait in beetles, and birds are more likely to eat brown beetles than green beetles, what happens?
In a population with brown and green alleles for color, genetic drift?
In a population with brown and green alleles for color, genetic drift?
Color is an inherited trait in beetles. If brown beetles move into a population from a nearby island, which statement is correct?
Color is an inherited trait in beetles. If brown beetles move into a population from a nearby island, which statement is correct?
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Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
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Generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is?
Generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is?
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An allele is?
An allele is?
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A population is?
A population is?
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How many alleles do you inherit for each genetic trait?
How many alleles do you inherit for each genetic trait?
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Allelic frequencies change in?
Allelic frequencies change in?
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Which of the following events could NOT be caused by a population bottleneck?
Which of the following events could NOT be caused by a population bottleneck?
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Feathers either play a role, or may have played a role, in?
Feathers either play a role, or may have played a role, in?
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____ is rapid, branching speciation under conditions in which there is little competition.
____ is rapid, branching speciation under conditions in which there is little competition.
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Mass extinctions create conditions that promote?
Mass extinctions create conditions that promote?
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The appearance of an evolutionary novelty often promotes?
The appearance of an evolutionary novelty often promotes?
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The only process that can add new genes and therefore new variations to a species is?
The only process that can add new genes and therefore new variations to a species is?
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Two organisms living in the same geographical area, being genetically similar, can breed with each other. Which statement is correct?
Two organisms living in the same geographical area, being genetically similar, can breed with each other. Which statement is correct?
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To belong to the same species, individuals must?
To belong to the same species, individuals must?
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Which type of selection helps to preserve the status quo, genetically speaking?
Which type of selection helps to preserve the status quo, genetically speaking?
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An excellent example of selective or artificial breeding by humans is?
An excellent example of selective or artificial breeding by humans is?
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Which statement most accurately describes a phylogenetic tree?
Which statement most accurately describes a phylogenetic tree?
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A single, small population that only exists in one place on the planet is considered?
A single, small population that only exists in one place on the planet is considered?
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Which population is most vulnerable to extinction?
Which population is most vulnerable to extinction?
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The sixth mass extinction event is likely being caused by?
The sixth mass extinction event is likely being caused by?
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Which explains the extinction of upwards of 90% of species in existence over a short period of time?
Which explains the extinction of upwards of 90% of species in existence over a short period of time?
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Extinction is a(n) _____ process; human activity can affect the _____ at which extinction occurs.
Extinction is a(n) _____ process; human activity can affect the _____ at which extinction occurs.
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Which of the following is considered a community?
Which of the following is considered a community?
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Which is the broadest level of ecological organization?
Which is the broadest level of ecological organization?
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A _____ is defined as the living and nonliving elements around an organism.
A _____ is defined as the living and nonliving elements around an organism.
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Starting from the smallest level of ecological organization to the highest, the order should go organism,?
Starting from the smallest level of ecological organization to the highest, the order should go organism,?
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An ideal habitat with unlimited resources is associated with?
An ideal habitat with unlimited resources is associated with?
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The maximum population a habitat can support is its?
The maximum population a habitat can support is its?
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Logistic growth involves?
Logistic growth involves?
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In exponential growth?
In exponential growth?
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Which of the following would NOT cause population size to decrease?
Which of the following would NOT cause population size to decrease?
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The innate reproductive capacity of a species is its?
The innate reproductive capacity of a species is its?
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The carrying capacity is?
The carrying capacity is?
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What describes the number of individuals in a population per unit area?
What describes the number of individuals in a population per unit area?
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When looking at the distribution of a population, we might find a uniform distribution when?
When looking at the distribution of a population, we might find a uniform distribution when?
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Density-dependent factors?
Density-dependent factors?
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Consider a population of fish in the ocean. What would be a limiting factor for such a population?
Consider a population of fish in the ocean. What would be a limiting factor for such a population?
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Assuming a population grows by a fixed percentage each year, which starting population would experience the biggest increase in its population?
Assuming a population grows by a fixed percentage each year, which starting population would experience the biggest increase in its population?
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Which of the following would be the most effective action for protecting biodiversity?
Which of the following would be the most effective action for protecting biodiversity?
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Which includes both organisms and the physical environment?
Which includes both organisms and the physical environment?
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K-strategists are likely to have higher dispersal rates than r-strategists.
K-strategists are likely to have higher dispersal rates than r-strategists.
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The bubonic plague, which swept through Europe in the 14th century, is an example of _____ on human population growth.
The bubonic plague, which swept through Europe in the 14th century, is an example of _____ on human population growth.
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A(n) _____ always has a narrow niche.
A(n) _____ always has a narrow niche.
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Natural selection involves all of these EXCEPT:
Natural selection involves all of these EXCEPT:
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Which is required for speciation to occur?
Which is required for speciation to occur?
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Factors capable of driving natural selection include:
Factors capable of driving natural selection include:
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Match the following ecological terms with their definitions:
Match the following ecological terms with their definitions:
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What is defined as the maximum population size that a given environment can sustain?
What is defined as the maximum population size that a given environment can sustain?
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What is defined as the innate reproductive capacity of a species?
What is defined as the innate reproductive capacity of a species?
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What describes the number of individuals in a population per unit area?
What describes the number of individuals in a population per unit area?
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Study Notes
Evolution and Genetics
- Genetic drift refers to evolution due to chance; it significantly impacts small populations.
- When brown beetles are preferentially preyed upon by birds, the frequency of the green allele in the population increases due to natural selection favoring green beetles.
- Gene flow occurs when individuals move into a population, such as brown beetles joining an existing group, resulting in increased frequency of the brown allele.
Natural Selection
- Natural selection is demonstrated when organisms with advantageous traits, like green beetles better at finding food, survive more effectively.
- Microevolution is defined as generation-to-generation changes in allele frequencies within a population.
Population and Alleles
- An allele represents a specific version of a gene, while a population consists of individuals of the same species in a particular area.
- Individuals inherit two alleles for each genetic trait, one from each parent, affecting traits in the offspring.
Ecological Concepts
- Allelic frequencies change only within a population, not at the individual or single-cell level.
- A population bottleneck can lead to reductions in genetic variability and loss of alleles, but not increased population size.
- A community consists of interacting species in a shared area; the broadest level of ecological organization is the biosphere, encompassing all ecosystems.
Extinction and Biodiversity
- The sixth mass extinction is primarily driven by human activities, altering habitats and contributing to species loss.
- Endemic populations, which are small and localized, are particularly vulnerable to extinction.
Population Dynamics
- The carrying capacity of an environment is its maximum sustainable population size, influenced by resource availability and environmental resistance.
- Density-dependent factors have a greater impact on population size at higher population densities, while density-independent factors affect populations regardless of size.
Growth Patterns
- Exponential growth occurs when populations expand rapidly with unlimited resources, while logistic growth slows as populations approach carrying capacity.
- Biotic potential refers to the maximum reproductive capacity of a species, influencing population dynamics.
Speciation and Natural Selection Drivers
- Speciation often requires the separation of one part of a population from another, allowing for divergent evolution and adaptation.
- Natural selection is influenced by various factors, including competition, disease, and environmental extremes.
Ecological Niches and Habitats
- An organism's ecological niche encompasses its habitat and the role it plays in the ecosystem, while specialists occupy narrow niches, unlike generalists which adapt to a wider range.
- Phylogenetic trees illustrate hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among species based on genetic and anatomical similarities.
Conservation Strategies
- Effective biodiversity protection involves conservation, preservation, and sustainable practices, such as ecotourism.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Prepare for your Environmental Science Exam 3 with this study guide consisting of flashcards that cover important concepts such as genetic drift, natural selection, and allele frequencies. Each card features key definitions and explanations to aid in your understanding of evolutionary mechanisms.
