Environmental Science on Pesticides and Chemicals

<p>Chlorpyrifos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are neurotoxic and cause oxidative stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a monomer in epoxy resins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased stamina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A xenoestrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It caused several serious health issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can interfere with the hormone system at certain doses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glass containers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are used as plasticizers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 parts per trillion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>17β-Estradiol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 micrometers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phthalates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetable gardens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cause feminization of males (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4.2 million deaths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.1 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bisphenol-A (BPA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not easily removed by WWTPs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1952 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They make fingers oily but are quickly absorbed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150 million tonnes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PM2.5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to the dissolution of calcium carbonate in aquatic species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in carbonate availability for shell formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decline of 52% in representative populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disinfection of surfaces and equipment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases from 8.25 to 8.14. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcifying organisms such as corals and molluscs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in improved air quality and reduced sunlight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disinfectants used for hygiene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk assessment of contaminated food consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How genes are expressed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contamination of wheat and soil with pesticides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluoride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in gene expression patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heptachlor epoxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By modifying gene expression regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess food safety for consumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can change the actual DNA sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conducting residue analysis of crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential health risks to consumers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DDT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local patterns of pesticide use and their effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical compound that was widely used as an insecticide from the 1950s to the 1970s. It has been linked to health problems in humans and wildlife due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in the environment.

A substance that interferes with and disrupts the normal function of the adrenal glands, which are responsible for producing stress hormones like cortisol.

A form of environmental degradation that involves the breakdown of a chemical substance into a more stable and persistent form.

A pesticide that belongs to the organophosphate class of chemicals. It acts on the nervous system of insects by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, a key enzyme involved in nerve signaling.

A pesticide belonging to the organophosphate class that has been banned in many countries due to its toxicity and potential health risks.

A type of plastic widely used for over 60 years in various applications like baby bottles, water bottles, and electronics. It is known for its transparency and durability.

Chemicals that disrupt the normal functioning of the endocrine (hormone) system in animals, including humans. They can mimic or block the effects of natural hormones.

A chemical compound commonly found in plastics, epoxy resins, and other products. It has been linked to various health concerns, including endocrine disruption.

A synthetic estrogen that was used in the past to treat pregnancy complications. It was later found to have serious side effects, such as cancer and infertility.

A class of chemicals used to make plastics more flexible and pliable. They are often found in various products, including toys, food containers, and vinyl flooring. Some phthalates can pose health risks.

Chemicals containing bromine, often used as flame retardants in plastics and other materials. Some brominated flame retardants have been associated with health concerns.

A natural hormone produced by the body, primarily in the ovaries. It plays a crucial role in female sexual development and reproductive health.

The ability of a chemical to bind to estrogen receptors in the body, mimicking or blocking the effects of natural estrogen.

Chemicals that can disrupt the endocrine system, interfering with the normal function of hormones. They can lead to a range of health problems like developmental issues, reproductive issues, and increased cancer risk.

Substances that are resistant to breakdown in the environment, persisting for a long time, often accumulating in living organisms.

A type of POP highly persistent and absorbed in the body. They can alter cell permeability and act as endocrine disruptors.

A group of chemicals commonly used in personal care products. They can disrupt the endocrine system, particularly at higher concentrations.

A group of hormones essential for normal growth and development of the body and brain. Imbalances in these hormones, particularly during early development, can have significant consequences.

A crucial endocrine gland responsible for producing thyroid hormones. It plays a vital role in the regulation of growth, metabolism, and brain development.

A type of synthetic estrogen derivative that can disrupt the endocrine system at very low concentrations. It is found in some medications and environmental contaminants.

The process by which the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, leading to a decrease in pH and increased acidity.

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with a lower pH indicating increased acidity.

Organisms that build their shells or skeletons from calcium carbonate, which becomes more difficult to form as ocean acidity increases.

A type of chemical compound used in disinfectants and other products, known for its antimicrobial properties.

A type of QAC commonly used as a disinfectant, often found in household cleaning products.

The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics, making them harder to treat.

A chemical compound that can disrupt the endocrine system of organisms, potentially leading to health problems.

The reduction of the number of individuals or populations of certain species over time, often due to human activities.

Microscopic solid or liquid particles suspended in the air. These can be natural or human-made (anthropogenic) and can greatly impact human health and the environment.

Particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometers. These particles are inhalable and can cause respiratory problems.

Particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. These particles are even smaller and can penetrate deep into the lungs, posing serious health risks.

A type of air pollution caused by chemical reactions, primarily involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, in the presence of sunlight. It produces harmful ozone and other pollutants.

High levels of air pollution, mainly from burning coal and other fossil fuels, lead to the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which react with atmospheric water to form acidic rain.

A colorless gas with a pungent odor, a major component of photochemical smog. It can irritate the lungs and worsen respiratory problems.

A colorless, pungent gas, a major component of smog. It can irritate the lungs and contribute to respiratory issues.

Chemical compounds, often synthetic, used to control pests such as insects, weeds, and fungi in agriculture.

A type of pesticide that contains chlorine atoms in its chemical structure. They are persistent in the environment and can bioaccumulate in organisms.

A type of pesticide that contains phosphorus atoms in its chemical structure. They are generally less persistent than OCPs but can still pose risks to human health.

The process by which pollutants become more concentrated in organisms as they move up the food chain.

The contamination of a substance, such as soil or water, with harmful chemicals, in this case, pesticides.

The scientific study and evaluation of potential risks to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals and other agents.

The wheat crop grown in the Konya region of Turkey.

Soil samples taken from the wheat-growing areas of Konya, Turkey.

The levels of OCPs and OPPs in wheat grains and soil samples collected from Konya, Turkey.

The potential health risks associated with consuming wheat contaminated with pesticides.

A condition where the levels of pollution in a food item exceed acceptable limits set by authorities.

The study aimed to determine the presence of OCPs and OPPs in wheat and soil samples from Konya, Turkey, and to assess the risks associated with their consumption.

The results of the study showed that OCPs and OPPs were found in both soil and wheat samples, indicating contamination of the agricultural environment.

The study concluded that contaminated wheat poses potential health risks to consumers, highlighting the need for effective management practices to reduce pesticide pollution in agricultural systems.

The application of various strategies and actions to reduce pesticide contamination and associated risks in agricultural environments.