Environmental Science Glossary R - Y
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Questions and Answers

What is radiation?

  • The process of recovering valuable materials from waste.
  • The accumulation of salts in soil.
  • Energy transferred as electromagnetic waves. (correct)
  • A measure of dissolved salts in liquid.
  • What is a recharge zone?

    An area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer.

    What is reclamation?

    The process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed.

    What does recycling mean?

    <p>The process of recovering valuable or useful materials from waste or scrap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reforestation?

    <p>The reestablishment and development of trees in forest land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define renewable energy.

    <p>Energy from sources that are constantly being formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reproductive potential?

    <p>The maximum number of offspring that a given organism can produce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reservoir?

    <p>An artificial body of water that usually forms behind a dam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define resistance in biology.

    <p>The ability of an organism to tolerate a chemical or disease-causing agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does risk refer to?

    <p>The probability of an unwanted outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is risk assessment?

    <p>The scientific assessment, study, and management of risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define river system.

    <p>A flowing network of rivers and streams draining a river basin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a ruminant?

    <p>A cud-chewing mammal with a three- or four-chambered stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does rural describe?

    <p>An area of open land often used for farming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is salinity?

    <p>A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define salinization.

    <p>The accumulation of salts in soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a salt marsh?

    <p>A maritime habitat characterized by grasses and sedges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sample in statistics?

    <p>The group of individuals or events selected to represent a statistical population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define savanna.

    <p>A plain full of grasses and scattered trees found in tropical regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a secondary pollutant?

    <p>A pollutant that forms in the atmosphere by chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is secondary succession?

    <p>The process by which one community replaces another community that has been partially destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sick-building syndrome?

    <p>A set of symptoms affecting workers in airtight office buildings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define smelting.

    <p>The melting or fusing of ore to separate impurities from pure metal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is smog?

    <p>Urban air pollution composed of smoke and fog.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is solid waste?

    <p>A discarded solid material, such as garbage or refuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define source reduction.

    <p>Any change in materials to reduce waste before it becomes solid waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a species?

    <p>A group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are statistics?

    <p>The collection and classification of data in the form of numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define stratosphere.

    <p>The layer of the atmosphere between the troposphere and mesosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is subsidence?

    <p>The sinking of regions of the ground surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is subsurface mining?

    <p>A mining method in which ore is extracted from beneath the ground surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define surface impoundment.

    <p>A disposal facility that holds an accumulation of wastes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is surface mining?

    <p>A mining method in which soil and rocks are removed to reach underlying resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define surface water.

    <p>All bodies of fresh water, salt water, ice, and snow above the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is survivorship?

    <p>The percentage of newborn individuals in a population expected to survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainability mean?

    <p>The condition in which human needs are met indefinitely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define symbiosis.

    <p>A relationship where two different organisms live close together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is taiga?

    <p>A region of evergreen, coniferous forest below arctic regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a tectonic plate?

    <p>A block of lithosphere consisting of the crust and upper mantle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define temperate deciduous forest.

    <p>A forest characterized by trees that shed leaves in the fall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is temperate grassland?

    <p>A community dominated by grasses and characterized by cold winters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a temperate rain forest?

    <p>A forest characterized by cool, humid weather and abundant rainfall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define temperature inversion.

    <p>The condition where warm air traps cooler air near the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thermal pollution?

    <p>A temperature increase in water caused by human activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a threatened species?

    <p>A species likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define topsoil.

    <p>The surface layer of soil rich in organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is toxicology?

    <p>The study of toxic substances and their effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trophic level?

    <p>One of the steps in a food chain or food pyramid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define tropical rain forest.

    <p>A forest characterized by large amounts of rain and warm temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the troposphere?

    <p>The lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tundra?

    <p>A treeless plain in the Arctic or Antarctic with low temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define understory.

    <p>A foliage layer beneath and shaded by the main canopy of a forest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does urban describe?

    <p>An area that contains a city.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is urbanization?

    <p>An increase in the density of people living in urban areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is urban sprawl?

    <p>The rapid spread of a city into adjacent suburbs and rural areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define value in environmental science.

    <p>A principle or standard that an individual considers important.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a variable?

    <p>A factor that changes in an experiment to test a hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vector in biology?

    <p>An agent that can incorporate foreign DNA and transfer it between organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define vertebrate.

    <p>An animal that has a backbone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is wastewater?

    <p>Water that contains wastes from homes or industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define water cycle.

    <p>The continuous movement of water between the atmosphere and the land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is water pollution?

    <p>Contamination of water by harmful waste material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a watershed?

    <p>The area of land drained by a water system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is weather?

    <p>The short-term state of the atmosphere, including temperature and precipitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define wetland.

    <p>An area of land that is periodically underwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is wilderness?

    <p>A region not cultivated or inhabited by humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define yield in agriculture.

    <p>The amount of crops produced per unit area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Environmental Science Terms

    • Radiation: Energy transferred as electromagnetic waves, including visible light and infrared.

    • Recharge Zone: Area where water infiltrates downwards to replenish an aquifer.

    • Reclamation: Process of restoring land to its original state post-mining activities.

    • Recycling: Recovering valuable materials from waste; involves reusing items.

    • Reforestation: Renewing and developing forest land with trees.

    • Renewable Energy: Energy derived from sources that continuously regenerate.

    • Reproductive Potential: Maximum offspring an organism can produce.

    • Reservoir: Artificial water body typically formed behind a dam.

    • Resistance: Ability of an organism to endure chemicals or pathogens.

    • Risk: Likelihood of an undesirable outcome occurring.

    • Risk Assessment: Scientific evaluation of potential negative impacts from hazards.

    • River System: Network of rivers and streams draining a particular basin.

    • Ruminant: Herbivorous mammals like sheep and cattle with specialized stomachs for digesting fibrous plants.

    • Rural: Areas characterized by open space, often used for agriculture.

    • Salinity: Measurement of dissolved salts in a liquid.

    • Salinization: Process by which salts accumulate in soil, affecting fertility.

    • Salt Marsh: Coastal habitats dominated by salt-tolerant plants, often submerged periodically.

    • Sample: Selected group representing a larger statistical population.

    • Savanna: Grassland ecosystem with scattered trees, found in tropical and subtropical regions.

    • Secondary Pollutant: Pollutant formed through reactions of primary pollutants in the atmosphere.

    • Secondary Succession: Process by which one community replaces another that has been partially or fully destroyed.

    • Sick-Building Syndrome: Symptoms experienced by occupants of modern, sealed buildings due to indoor pollutants.

    • Smelting: Process for extracting metal from ore by melting.

    • Smog: Mixture of smoke and fog creating urban air pollution.

    • Solid Waste: Discarded material, including trash, refuse, or sludge.

    • Source Reduction: Strategies to minimize waste generation and toxicity before disposal.

    • Species: Closely related organisms capable of interbreeding to yield fertile offspring.

    • Statistics: Collection and analysis of numerical data.

    • Stratosphere: Atmospheric layer above the troposphere containing the ozone layer.

    • Subsidence: Ground surface sinking with minimal horizontal movement.

    • Subsurface Mining: Ore extraction from beneath the ground.

    • Surface Impoundment: Waste disposal facility holding accumulated wastes.

    • Surface Mining: Method where soil and rocks are removed to access coal or minerals.

    • Surface Water: Bodies of water present above ground, including lakes and rivers.

    • Survivorship: Expected percentage of newborns in a population that survive to a certain age.

    • Sustainability: Meeting human needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs.

    • Symbiosis: Close living association between two different organisms.

    • Taiga: Evergreen coniferous forest biome located below arctic regions.

    • Tectonic Plate: Lithosphere block comprising oceanic and continental crust.

    • Temperate Deciduous Forest: Forest biome where trees shed leaves seasonally.

    • Temperate Grassland: Biome dominated by grasses, experiencing cold winters and moderate rainfall.

    • Temperate Rain Forest: Humid forest biome with abundant rainfall and rich biodiversity.

    • Temperature Inversion: Atmospheric condition trapping warm air near the ground.

    • Thermal Pollution: Increase in water temperature due to human activities harming aquatic life.

    • Threatened Species: Species likely to reach endangered status soon.

    • Topsoil: Richest soil layer in organic matter, critical for plant growth.

    • Toxicology: Study of toxic substances and their effects on living organisms.

    • Trophic Level: Position in a food chain, such as producers or various consumer levels.

    • Tropical Rain Forest: Biodiverse forest near the equator, characterized by high rainfall and stable temperatures.

    • Troposphere: Ground-level layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs, with decreasing temperatures at higher altitudes.

    • Tundra: Treeless biome in polar regions with extreme winter conditions and specific plant types.

    • Understory: Layer of foliage beneath the main canopy in a forest.

    • Urban: Areas with concentrated population centers, typically cities.

    • Urbanization: Shift towards increased population density in urban locales.

    • Urban Sprawl: Rapid expansion of cities into surrounding suburbs and rural areas.

    • Value: Personal principles regarded as significant.

    • Variable: Factor that can change in experimentation.

    • Vector: Agent transferring pathogens; can include biological agents that facilitate DNA transfer.

    • Vertebrate: Animals possessing a backbone, encompassing numerous species.

    • Wastewater: Water containing domestic or industrial waste substances.

    • Water Cycle: Continuous circulation of water between the earth's surface and the atmosphere.

    • Water Pollution: Contamination of water sources, harmful to organisms.

    • Watershed: Land area draining into a water body, influencing water quality.

    • Weather: Short-term atmospheric conditions, including temperature and precipitation.

    • Wetland: Areas with significant moisture or periodic flooding, important for biodiversity.

    • Wilderness: Untouched natural regions, free from human habitation.

    • Yield: Crop production measured per unit area.

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    Description

    Explore key terms from R to Y in Environmental Science. This glossary includes important definitions that cover various concepts such as radiation, recharge zones, and reclamation. Enhance your understanding of environmental terminology with these flashcards.

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