Environmental Science Exam Review

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Questions and Answers

Match the following pollutants with their primary uses or applications:

DDT = Pesticide to control insects PCB = Industrial and commercial applications Acetone = Cleaning purposes BPA = Production of polycarbonate plastics

Match the following pollution sources with their classification:

Emissions from pipes = Point Source Pollutant Transportation emissions = Non-point Source Pollutant Smoke from factories = Point Source Pollutant Runoff from agricultural fields = Non-point Source Pollutant

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Contaminant = Substance in an environment occurring at concentrations higher than expected Pollutant = Substance in an environment potentially harmful Anthropogenic = Human activity Primary Pollutant = Substance directly released into the atmosphere, posing health risks

Match the following pollutants with their chemical classifications:

Mercury = Metal DDT = Organochlorine PCB = Chlorinated hydrocarbon Lead = Metal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following defense mechanisms with their corresponding line of defense:

Skin = External Cilia and Mucus = External Lymphatic system = Second Line of Defense Antibody formation = Third Line of Defense Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pollutants with their effects on human health:

Mercury = Neurological damage Lead = Developmental problems BPA = Endocrine disruption DDT = Decreased reproductive success Signup and view all the answers

Match the following environmental concepts with their definitions:

Tertiary Sewage Treatment = Removal of high levels of nitrates, phosphates, and other inorganic substances Secondary Pollution = Formation of new pollutants from primary pollutants reacting with other substances Non-point Source Pollution = Pollution with a difficult to identify and control source Anthropogenic = Human-caused Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pathways of pollutant entry into the human body with their defenses:

Inhalation = Cilia and mucus in the respiratory system Ingestion = Vomiting and liver filtration Absorption = Skin barrier Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their key characteristics:

Solar energy = Produced and given off by the sun Wind energy = Relies on turbines to transform kinetic energy Geothermal energy = Captured from Earth's interior Tidal energy = Energy of the regular movement of ocean tides Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of solar collection with its description:

Passive solar collection = Transforms solar energy into thermal energy without devices Active solar collection = Uses special devices to convert solar energy Photovoltaic cells = Generates current through a circuit using solar energy Greenhouse = E.g. of passive solar collection Signup and view all the answers

Match the alternative energy source with its advantages:

Wind energy = Low cost and renewable Hydro energy = Somewhat reliable depending on conditions Biomass energy = Uses organic materials for energy Solar energy = Extremely abundant and renewable Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their disadvantages:

Solar energy = Dependent on climate and season Wind energy = Variable speed and can harm birds Geothermal energy = High equipment costs and unreliable Hydro energy = Produces water pollution Signup and view all the answers

Match the energy source with its method of electricity generation:

Hydro energy = Uses water turbines attached to generators Wind energy = Converts kinetic energy using turbines Solar energy = Involves photovoltaic cells for current generation Geothermal energy = Extracted from heat in the Earth's interior Signup and view all the answers

Match the environmental benefits with their descriptions:

Urban forests = Helps purify city air by removing dust and CO2 Green roofs = Increases economic value of communities and helps energy consumption Native plants = Better adapted to local site conditions Heat island effect = Urban areas higher in temperature due to concrete and asphalt Signup and view all the answers

Match the pesticide exposure to its impacts:

Spraying with pesticides = Headache, muscle twitching Exposure to E.coli = Diarrhea, stomach cramps Forest canopy spraying = Damage to the lungs Spraying growth regulators = Acute toxicity from consumption Signup and view all the answers

Match the long term impacts of health factors:

Spraying with pesticides = Linked to several types of cancer Exposure to E.coli = Kidney problems Forest canopy spraying = Cancer risk, neurological disorders Creating monocultures = Chronic respiratory problems Signup and view all the answers

Match the agricultural practices with their impacts:

Monocultures = Exposure to pesticides and herbicides Forest canopy spraying = Exposure to toxic chemicals Spraying growth regulators = Skin and eye irritation E.coli exposure = Increased risk of allergies Signup and view all the answers

Match the practice with its explanation:

Urban forests = Can help reduce the heat island effect Native plants = Increases biodiversity and fights predators Pesticide spraying = Linked to several health issues Growth regulators = Used to enhance crop yield Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their formation processes:

Coal = Ancient deposits of terrestrial plants buried under sediments Oil = Remains of microscopic organisms in ancient seas Natural Gas = Formed with both oil and coal deposits Nuclear Energy = Uranium mined for nuclear reactors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mining processes with their corresponding resources:

Strip Mining = Accessing coal veins by removing soil and rock Underground Mining = Extracting coal from deep mines Hydraulic Fracking = Natural gas extraction involving high-pressure fluid Uranium Mining = Extracting uranium for nuclear energy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their environmental impacts:

Coal = Water pollution and land degradation Oil = Land degradation and air pollution Natural Gas = Methane production and land degradation Nuclear Energy = Low levels of pollution from fission Signup and view all the answers

Match the following advantages with the correct fossil fuel:

Coal = Inexpensive to access and process Natural Gas = Low cost and reliable Oil = Concentrated energy source Nuclear Energy = Low levels of greenhouse gases Signup and view all the answers

Match the following disadvantages with the correct energy sources:

Coal = Nonrenewable and polluting Oil = Destruction of ecosystems Natural Gas = Methane emissions Nuclear Energy = Risks associated with radiation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy resources with their primary use:

Coal = Power generation Oil = Producing gasoline and plastics Natural Gas = Heating and electricity Nuclear Energy = Electricity generation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to energy sources with their definitions:

Fission = Releasing energy from uranium Refining = Processing oil into usable products Hydraulic Fracking = Pumping fluid into the ground to extract gas Ecosystem Destruction = Negative impact of fossil fuel extraction Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their reliability rating:

Coal = Very reliable Oil = Reliable Natural Gas = Reliable Nuclear Energy = Reliable Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of waste with their descriptions:

Household waste = Includes garbage from homes, businesses, schools Agricultural waste = Comes from farms, ranches, feedlots, and slaughterhouses Industrial waste = Comes from manufacturing, construction, mining, and other industries Municipal waste = Includes items that can be recycled and composted Signup and view all the answers

Match the waste disposal methods with their characteristics:

Landfill = Disposal site for solid waste buried under layers of soil Thermal treatment = Involves processing waste at high temperatures Leachate = Liquid from landfills that can pollute nearby soil and waterways Landfill gas = Gas produced by bacteria breaking down organic materials Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of obsolescence with their definitions:

Planned obsolescence = Products are made to break easily for more purchases Perceived obsolescence = Trend-driven disposal of still useful items Cultural consumption = Societal value placed on frequent purchasing Resource consumption = Wasting more resources than any other region Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of material economy with their sequence:

Extraction = First stage of obtaining materials Production = Stage where materials are converted into goods Distribution = Stage involving the delivery of goods Consumption = Stage where consumers purchase and use goods Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors affecting waste production with their examples:

Human population size = Increase leads to more waste generation Resource consumption level = North Americans produce more waste Agricultural practices = Contributes to agricultural waste Technological advancements = Drives increased material consumption Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of household waste with their sources:

Containers = Produce directly from food Human waste = Comes from biological excretions Toilet paper = Used in personal hygiene Clothing = Produce indirectly from consumer habits Signup and view all the answers

Match the forest type with its description:

Temperate Rainforest = Dominated by diverse species and high rainfall, located in British Columbia Boreal Forest = Widespread forest type across Canada with coniferous trees Carolinian Forest = Found in southwestern Ontario, known for its rich biodiversity Acadian Forest = Located in the Atlantic provinces, features a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees Signup and view all the answers

Match the waste management terms with their meanings:

Recycling = Process of converting waste materials into new products Composting = Managing organic waste to create fertilizer Disposal = Act of discarding waste materials Processing = Treating waste to minimize impact Signup and view all the answers

Match the silviculture practice with its advantages:

Clearcutting = Cost-effective and mimics natural disturbances Selective cutting = Retains bird habitats and allows for natural regeneration Shelterwood = Most environmentally friendly, promoting regrowth Urban forestry = Focuses on planning and maintaining green spaces in cities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of waste with their specific examples:

Household waste = Empty food containers Agricultural waste = Animal manure Industrial waste = Manufacturing chemicals Municipal waste = School paper waste Signup and view all the answers

Match the forest layer with its characteristics:

Canopy = Receives most sunlight and provides habitat for birds Understory = Consists of young trees and shrubs, home to insects Forest floor = Composed of decomposing materials, ferns, and wildflowers Overstory = Represents the uppermost layer of trees in a forest ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

Match the livestock farming method with its benefit:

Smart pasture operations = Reduces health problems and decreases waste production Organically raised livestock = No growth hormones or antibiotics used Polyculture = Uses livestock to naturally fertilize the soil Conventional farming = Often uses synthetic fertilizers and pesticides Signup and view all the answers

Match the forest ecosystem function with its role:

Reducing soil erosion = Prevents loss of fertile topsoil Storing carbon = Helps mitigate climate change by sequestering CO2 Cycling nutrients = Maintains soil fertility and organism health Providing habitats = Supports biodiversity in forested areas Signup and view all the answers

Match the disadvantage of a silviculture practice with the correct method:

Clearcutting = Habitat loss and long regeneration time Selective cutting = Higher costs and risk of damaging remaining trees Shelterwood = Young trees may be damaged during older tree harvest Urban forestry = May face challenges in balancing development and green space Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its definition:

Silviculture = Management and development of forest ecosystems Polyculture = Systematic integration of crops and livestock Ecosystem services = Benefits provided by natural ecosystems Organic farming = Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Match the forest layer with its ecological role:

Canopy = Top layer, rich in biodiversity Understory = Provides shelter for smaller species Forest floor = Nutrient recycling through decomposition Soil = Foundation of the ecosystem, supporting plant life Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes