Environmental Science Exam Review

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Questions and Answers

Match the following pollutants with their primary uses or applications:

DDT = Pesticide to control insects PCB = Industrial and commercial applications Acetone = Cleaning purposes BPA = Production of polycarbonate plastics

Match the following pollution sources with their classification:

Emissions from pipes = Point Source Pollutant Transportation emissions = Non-point Source Pollutant Smoke from factories = Point Source Pollutant Runoff from agricultural fields = Non-point Source Pollutant

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Contaminant = Substance in an environment occurring at concentrations higher than expected Pollutant = Substance in an environment potentially harmful Anthropogenic = Human activity Primary Pollutant = Substance directly released into the atmosphere, posing health risks

Match the following pollutants with their chemical classifications:

Mercury = Metal DDT = Organochlorine PCB = Chlorinated hydrocarbon Lead = Metal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following defense mechanisms with their corresponding line of defense:

Skin = External Cilia and Mucus = External Lymphatic system = Second Line of Defense Antibody formation = Third Line of Defense Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pollutants with their effects on human health:

Mercury = Neurological damage Lead = Developmental problems BPA = Endocrine disruption DDT = Decreased reproductive success Signup and view all the answers

Match the following environmental concepts with their definitions:

Tertiary Sewage Treatment = Removal of high levels of nitrates, phosphates, and other inorganic substances Secondary Pollution = Formation of new pollutants from primary pollutants reacting with other substances Non-point Source Pollution = Pollution with a difficult to identify and control source Anthropogenic = Human-caused Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pathways of pollutant entry into the human body with their defenses:

Inhalation = Cilia and mucus in the respiratory system Ingestion = Vomiting and liver filtration Absorption = Skin barrier Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their key characteristics:

Solar energy = Produced and given off by the sun Wind energy = Relies on turbines to transform kinetic energy Geothermal energy = Captured from Earth's interior Tidal energy = Energy of the regular movement of ocean tides Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of solar collection with its description:

Passive solar collection = Transforms solar energy into thermal energy without devices Active solar collection = Uses special devices to convert solar energy Photovoltaic cells = Generates current through a circuit using solar energy Greenhouse = E.g. of passive solar collection Signup and view all the answers

Match the alternative energy source with its advantages:

Wind energy = Low cost and renewable Hydro energy = Somewhat reliable depending on conditions Biomass energy = Uses organic materials for energy Solar energy = Extremely abundant and renewable Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their disadvantages:

Solar energy = Dependent on climate and season Wind energy = Variable speed and can harm birds Geothermal energy = High equipment costs and unreliable Hydro energy = Produces water pollution Signup and view all the answers

Match the energy source with its method of electricity generation:

Hydro energy = Uses water turbines attached to generators Wind energy = Converts kinetic energy using turbines Solar energy = Involves photovoltaic cells for current generation Geothermal energy = Extracted from heat in the Earth's interior Signup and view all the answers

Match the environmental benefits with their descriptions:

Urban forests = Helps purify city air by removing dust and CO2 Green roofs = Increases economic value of communities and helps energy consumption Native plants = Better adapted to local site conditions Heat island effect = Urban areas higher in temperature due to concrete and asphalt Signup and view all the answers

Match the pesticide exposure to its impacts:

Spraying with pesticides = Headache, muscle twitching Exposure to E.coli = Diarrhea, stomach cramps Forest canopy spraying = Damage to the lungs Spraying growth regulators = Acute toxicity from consumption Signup and view all the answers

Match the long term impacts of health factors:

Spraying with pesticides = Linked to several types of cancer Exposure to E.coli = Kidney problems Forest canopy spraying = Cancer risk, neurological disorders Creating monocultures = Chronic respiratory problems Signup and view all the answers

Match the agricultural practices with their impacts:

Monocultures = Exposure to pesticides and herbicides Forest canopy spraying = Exposure to toxic chemicals Spraying growth regulators = Skin and eye irritation E.coli exposure = Increased risk of allergies Signup and view all the answers

Match the practice with its explanation:

Urban forests = Can help reduce the heat island effect Native plants = Increases biodiversity and fights predators Pesticide spraying = Linked to several health issues Growth regulators = Used to enhance crop yield Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their formation processes:

Coal = Ancient deposits of terrestrial plants buried under sediments Oil = Remains of microscopic organisms in ancient seas Natural Gas = Formed with both oil and coal deposits Nuclear Energy = Uranium mined for nuclear reactors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mining processes with their corresponding resources:

Strip Mining = Accessing coal veins by removing soil and rock Underground Mining = Extracting coal from deep mines Hydraulic Fracking = Natural gas extraction involving high-pressure fluid Uranium Mining = Extracting uranium for nuclear energy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their environmental impacts:

Coal = Water pollution and land degradation Oil = Land degradation and air pollution Natural Gas = Methane production and land degradation Nuclear Energy = Low levels of pollution from fission Signup and view all the answers

Match the following advantages with the correct fossil fuel:

Coal = Inexpensive to access and process Natural Gas = Low cost and reliable Oil = Concentrated energy source Nuclear Energy = Low levels of greenhouse gases Signup and view all the answers

Match the following disadvantages with the correct energy sources:

Coal = Nonrenewable and polluting Oil = Destruction of ecosystems Natural Gas = Methane emissions Nuclear Energy = Risks associated with radiation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy resources with their primary use:

Coal = Power generation Oil = Producing gasoline and plastics Natural Gas = Heating and electricity Nuclear Energy = Electricity generation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to energy sources with their definitions:

Fission = Releasing energy from uranium Refining = Processing oil into usable products Hydraulic Fracking = Pumping fluid into the ground to extract gas Ecosystem Destruction = Negative impact of fossil fuel extraction Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their reliability rating:

Coal = Very reliable Oil = Reliable Natural Gas = Reliable Nuclear Energy = Reliable Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of waste with their descriptions:

Household waste = Includes garbage from homes, businesses, schools Agricultural waste = Comes from farms, ranches, feedlots, and slaughterhouses Industrial waste = Comes from manufacturing, construction, mining, and other industries Municipal waste = Includes items that can be recycled and composted Signup and view all the answers

Match the waste disposal methods with their characteristics:

Landfill = Disposal site for solid waste buried under layers of soil Thermal treatment = Involves processing waste at high temperatures Leachate = Liquid from landfills that can pollute nearby soil and waterways Landfill gas = Gas produced by bacteria breaking down organic materials Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of obsolescence with their definitions:

Planned obsolescence = Products are made to break easily for more purchases Perceived obsolescence = Trend-driven disposal of still useful items Cultural consumption = Societal value placed on frequent purchasing Resource consumption = Wasting more resources than any other region Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of material economy with their sequence:

Extraction = First stage of obtaining materials Production = Stage where materials are converted into goods Distribution = Stage involving the delivery of goods Consumption = Stage where consumers purchase and use goods Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors affecting waste production with their examples:

Human population size = Increase leads to more waste generation Resource consumption level = North Americans produce more waste Agricultural practices = Contributes to agricultural waste Technological advancements = Drives increased material consumption Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of household waste with their sources:

Containers = Produce directly from food Human waste = Comes from biological excretions Toilet paper = Used in personal hygiene Clothing = Produce indirectly from consumer habits Signup and view all the answers

Match the forest type with its description:

Temperate Rainforest = Dominated by diverse species and high rainfall, located in British Columbia Boreal Forest = Widespread forest type across Canada with coniferous trees Carolinian Forest = Found in southwestern Ontario, known for its rich biodiversity Acadian Forest = Located in the Atlantic provinces, features a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees Signup and view all the answers

Match the waste management terms with their meanings:

Recycling = Process of converting waste materials into new products Composting = Managing organic waste to create fertilizer Disposal = Act of discarding waste materials Processing = Treating waste to minimize impact Signup and view all the answers

Match the silviculture practice with its advantages:

Clearcutting = Cost-effective and mimics natural disturbances Selective cutting = Retains bird habitats and allows for natural regeneration Shelterwood = Most environmentally friendly, promoting regrowth Urban forestry = Focuses on planning and maintaining green spaces in cities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of waste with their specific examples:

Household waste = Empty food containers Agricultural waste = Animal manure Industrial waste = Manufacturing chemicals Municipal waste = School paper waste Signup and view all the answers

Match the forest layer with its characteristics:

Canopy = Receives most sunlight and provides habitat for birds Understory = Consists of young trees and shrubs, home to insects Forest floor = Composed of decomposing materials, ferns, and wildflowers Overstory = Represents the uppermost layer of trees in a forest ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

Match the livestock farming method with its benefit:

Smart pasture operations = Reduces health problems and decreases waste production Organically raised livestock = No growth hormones or antibiotics used Polyculture = Uses livestock to naturally fertilize the soil Conventional farming = Often uses synthetic fertilizers and pesticides Signup and view all the answers

Match the forest ecosystem function with its role:

Reducing soil erosion = Prevents loss of fertile topsoil Storing carbon = Helps mitigate climate change by sequestering CO2 Cycling nutrients = Maintains soil fertility and organism health Providing habitats = Supports biodiversity in forested areas Signup and view all the answers

Match the disadvantage of a silviculture practice with the correct method:

Clearcutting = Habitat loss and long regeneration time Selective cutting = Higher costs and risk of damaging remaining trees Shelterwood = Young trees may be damaged during older tree harvest Urban forestry = May face challenges in balancing development and green space Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its definition:

Silviculture = Management and development of forest ecosystems Polyculture = Systematic integration of crops and livestock Ecosystem services = Benefits provided by natural ecosystems Organic farming = Agricultural practices that avoid synthetic chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Match the forest layer with its ecological role:

Canopy = Top layer, rich in biodiversity Understory = Provides shelter for smaller species Forest floor = Nutrient recycling through decomposition Soil = Foundation of the ecosystem, supporting plant life Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Solar Energy

Energy from the sun that can be transformed into thermal or electrical energy.

Passive Solar Collection

Uses a building's design and location to capture heat from the sun without any special devices.