Environmental Science and Communication

Environmental Features

• Abiotic features are non-living components of an environment, such as water, air, soil, rocks, and weather conditions.
• Biotic features are living components of an environment, such as plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi, including organisms that once lived.

Sound and Communication

• Sound is produced by vibrating objects, which create pressure waves that travel through a medium, like air.
• Communication involves a sender, transmitting a message to a recipient.

Wave Types

• Mechanical waves require a medium (like air or water) to travel and transfer energy.
• Electromagnetic waves consist of electrical and magnetic energy and can travel through space without a medium.

Electromagnetic Radiation

• Electromagnetic radiation includes various types, such as light waves, microwaves, and radio waves.
• Radiation can travel through empty space.

Energy Transfer and Transformation

• Energy transfer involves moving energy from one object to another without changing its form.
• Energy transformation converts energy from one form to another.

Examples of Energy Transformation

• Batteries: Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
• Fire: Chemical energy is transformed into heat and light energy.

Transverse Waves

• In transverse waves, particles move perpendicular (at a 90-degree angle) to the direction of the wave.
• Examples include guitar string vibrations, light waves, microwaves, and radio waves.

Longitudinal Waves

• In longitudinal waves, particles move parallel to the direction of the wave.
• Examples include sound waves and ultrasound waves.