Chipko Movement and Environmental Activism

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What was the primary innovation in strategy that distinguished the Chipko movement's approach to environmental activism?

Implementing reforestation projects in deforested areas, promoting long-term sustainability.

Organizing large-scale protests in urban centers to raise awareness about deforestation.

Utilizing direct confrontation by physically embracing trees to prevent their felling. (correct)

Lobbying government officials to pass legislation protecting forests.

Which of the following strategies would most effectively promote the long-term ecological and economic health of the Himalayan region, aligning with the Chipko movement's original goals?

Promoting tourism through the construction of resorts and infrastructure, stimulating the local economy.

Replacing natural forests with fast-growing monoculture plantations to increase timber production.

Constructing large-scale dams for hydroelectric power, providing clean energy and economic development.

Implementing sustainable forestry practices that balance timber harvesting with forest regeneration and biodiversity conservation. (correct)

Sunderlal Bahuguna's message emphasized the multifaceted value of trees. Beyond their ecological functions, which of the following correctly identifies the socio-economic benefits Bahuguna attributed to forests?

Providing raw materials for industrial manufacturing and international trade.

Serving as a source of food, fodder, fertilizer, fuel, and fiber essential for local livelihoods. (correct)

Generating revenue through carbon credit trading and ecosystem service payments.

Creating employment opportunities in logging and timber processing industries.

What was the primary strategy employed by the Chipko movement to protect trees?

Villagers physically hugging trees to prevent them from being cut down. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which geographical region was the focal point of the Chipko movement's activities?

Western Himalayas (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the principal catalyst that galvanized the women of the Himalayan villages to become the vanguard of the Chipko movement?

The direct threat to their livelihoods and daily sustenance posed by deforestation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If a company wanted to cut down trees, which of these actions would be representative of the Chipko movement?

Creating a human barrier around the trees (D) Signup and view all the answers

What core principle, deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, guided Sunderlal Bahuguna's dedication to serving the poor and oppressed, ultimately shaping his involvement in the Chipko movement?

Upholding non-violent resistance and social justice. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which actions demonstrate the Chipko movement's broader efforts to uplift and empower marginalized communities beyond direct environmental activism?

Publicly discussing means of improving the lives of poor and oppressed villagers and establishing an ashram to help people from all walks of life. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Chipko movement play in influencing environmental policy and conservation efforts beyond its immediate protests?

It served as a model for grassroots environmental activism and influenced forest conservation policies in India. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Chipko movement, as emphasized by Sunderlal Bahuguna during his march?

To raise awareness about the critical role of forests and trees in environmental conservation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What logistical challenges did Sunderlal Bahuguna and his fellow marchers encounter during their 4,870-kilometer journey across the Himalayan region?

Overcoming extreme weather conditions and traversing high-altitude terrains. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did local communities along the route contribute to the success of Sunderlal Bahuguna's march?

By offering food and shelter, demonstrating community support for the environmental cause. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Considering Sunderlal Bahuguna's lifestyle choices, which of the following reflects his commitment to environmental sustainability and simple living?

His vegetarian diet of coarse cereals, vegetables, and pulses, along with personal photography. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the slogan 'Do not axe these oaks and pines. Nurture them, protect them. We have to preserve them for Posterity' have during the Chipko movement?

It served as a rallying cry to raise awareness about the importance of preserving trees for future generations. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of Sunderlal Bahuguna's 300-day Trans-Himalayan march?

To spread the message of the Chipko movement and raise awareness about environmental conservation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which slogan, encapsulating the movement's core environmental message, did Sunderlal Bahuguna develop during his march?

"What do the forests bear? Soil, Water, and Pure Air!" (B) Signup and view all the answers

What geographical and logistical challenges did Sunderlal Bahuguna face during his Trans-Himalayan march?

Crossing high mountain passes and navigating challenging, remote areas while relying on the hospitality of villagers for sustenance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Sunderlal's personal experiences during the march have on the broader environmental movement?

His experiences served as a powerful testament to environmental conservation, which brought recognition and raised awareness. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Chipko movement redefine the perceived value of forests?

Emphasizing the importance of forests for commercial purposes without any focus on nature (D) Signup and view all the answers

Chipko movement

A grassroots campaign started in 1972 to protect Himalayan forests.

Sunderlal Bahuguna

The leader of the Chipko movement who advocated for trees as living beings.