Questions and Answers
Who led the Chipko Movement in Uttarakhand?
What significant environmental incident occurred in December 1984?
Which movement was focused on opposing the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam?
What protocol was established in 1987 to address ozone layer depletion?
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During which event was the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) established?
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Which act was passed in 1986 aimed at environmental protection?
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Which movement was primarily associated with preventing deforestation linked to dam construction in Karnataka during the 1980s?
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In what year was the National Biodiversity Authority established?
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What act was enacted in 1981 concerning air pollution control?
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Study Notes
Historical Environmental Movements and Legislation
- 1485: Formation of the Bishnoi Sect by Guru Jambeshwar Ji Maharaj focused on conservation and respect for nature.
- 18th Century: The Bishnoi Movement led by Amrita Devi advocated for environmental protection in Rajasthan.
- 1950s-1960s: Minamata Disaster in Japan highlighted the dangers of mercury pollution and its effects on human health and the environment.
Key Environmental Legislation and Movements
- 1972: Introduction of the Wildlife Protection Act to safeguard wildlife and their habitats in India.
- 1973: Chipko Movement commenced in Uttarakhand, where villagers, led by Sundarlal Bahuguna and Gaura Devi, embraced tree-hugging to prevent deforestation.
- 1973: Silent Valley Movement aimed to protect the Silent Valley forest in Kerala from commercial exploitation.
- 1974: Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act established to preserve water quality.
- October 1977: Tbilisi Declaration accepted, promoting environmental education and sustainable development.
- 1980: Forest Conservation Act implemented to prevent deforestation and promote reforestation efforts.
1980s Environmental Movements
- 1980s: Tehri Dam Movement emerged opposing the construction of the Tehri Dam on the Bhagirathi River in Uttarakhand over environmental concerns.
- 1980s: Appiko Movement in Karnataka focused on halting deforestation linked to dam construction, advocating for sustainable forest management.
- 1981: Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act introduced to tackle air pollution sources.
- 1983: Establishment of the Ministry of Environment and Forest to oversee environmental governance.
- December 3, 1984: Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurred, one of the worst industrial disasters, raising awareness about chemical safety and disaster management.
Key Environmental Agreements and Actions
- 1985: Silent Valley declared a National Park, marking a key victory for environmentalists.
- 1985: Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) initiated by Medha Patkar opposing the Sardar Sarovar Dam construction over concerns for ecology and displaced communities.
- 1986: Environmental Protection Act established, aimed at ensuring sustainable environmental practices.
- 1987: Montreal Protocol created to phase out substances that deplete the ozone layer, reflecting global environmental cooperation.
- 1989: Enforcement of Montreal Protocol commenced, setting binding commitments for countries to reduce ozone-depleting substances.
International Agreements and National Initiatives
- 1992: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, aiming to conserve biological diversity.
- 1997: Kyoto Protocol established to commit countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, addressing climate change.
- 2002: Biodiversity Act introduced in India to protect biological diversity and facilitate sustainable usage of resources.
- 2003: National Biodiversity Authority established to implement the Biodiversity Act provisions effectively.
- 2005: Kyoto Protocol enacted, reinforcing international climate policies.
- 2005: National Curriculum Framework (NCF) introduced, integrating environmental education into school curricula.
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Description
Explore pivotal moments in environmental history through this quiz focusing on key movements and legislation from the Bishnoi sect formation to the Wildlife Protection Act in India. Test your knowledge on significant events like the Chipko Movement and the Minamata Disaster. Understand how these movements shaped environmental policies and conservation efforts.
