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What is the purpose of enrichment cultures in microbiology?

  • To quantify the number of microorganisms in a sample
  • To identify the relative abundance of microbial communities
  • To study the ecological importance of microorganisms
  • To isolate bacteria from diverse and densely populated samples (correct)

What does enrichment bias in laboratory cultures indicate?

  • Microorganisms cultured in the lab are often minor components of the microbial ecosystem (correct)
  • The lab environment provides more favorable conditions for microbial growth than natural habitats
  • The microbial ecosystem in the lab is entirely different from natural habitats
  • Microorganisms cultured in the lab are always the dominant species in the environment

What is the most probable number technique commonly used for?

  • Quantifying the relative abundance of microbial communities
  • Estimating the number of microorganisms in food, wastewater, and other samples (correct)
  • Identifying the ecological importance of microorganisms
  • Isolating pure cultures of microorganisms

What does a successful enrichment culture indicate?

<p>It has appropriate resources and conditions needed for target organisms to grow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dilution of inoculum in classical procedures for isolating microorganisms?

<p>To eliminate rapidly growing, but quantitatively insignificant species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does enrichment culture not provide information about?

<p>Relative abundance and ecological importance of the target organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of enrichment cultures in microbiology?

<p>To isolate bacteria from diverse and densely populated samples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dilution of inoculum in classical procedures for isolating microorganisms?

<p>To eliminate rapidly growing, but quantitatively insignificant species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of stable isotope probing?

<p>To identify microorganisms that can utilize specific substrates in a microbial community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of metatranscriptomics?

<p>Analysis of community mRNA to reveal active genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of environmental genomics (metagenomics)?

<p>To identify as many genes as possible from DNA extracted from environmental samples (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of metaproteomics?

<p>Measuring the diversity and abundance of different proteins in a community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of isotopic fractionation in biological reactions?

<p>Biological reactions prefer lighter isotopes, leading to isotopic fractionation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of DNA microarray containing gene probes?

<p>It provides functional information to correlate with phylogenetic analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of environmental multi-omics?

<p>To provide an integrated accounting of all central cellular processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of direct chemical measurements of metabolites?

<p>For many studies, direct chemical measurements are sufficient for measuring specific metabolites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microsensors?

<p>To measure a wide range of activities such as pH and oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of laser tweezers in microbiology?

<p>Isolating single cells from mixed cultures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of flow cytometry in microbiology?

<p>Counting and examining mixtures of cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of high-throughput cultivation of previously uncultured microorganisms?

<p>Separating individual cells for culture in microtitre plate, one cell per well (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general principle of nucleic acid hybridization in microbial ecology?

<p>Nucleic acids with complementary sequence can form hybrid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in microbiology?

<p>Used to see microorganisms in the context of their communities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of PCR methods of microbial community analysis?

<p>Amplification of specific genes for diversity analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of massively parallel DNA sequencing in phylogenetic analysis?

<p>Generate billions of sequence reads for detecting minor phylotypes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of geochip in microbiology?

<p>Functional gene microarray to approximate gene abundance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of viability stains in microbiology?

<p>Providing information on abundance and viability of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of general staining to examine microbial communities?

<p>Culture-independent microscopic method of examining microbial communities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of microfluidic platform for cultivation in microbiology?

<p>Constructing tiny wells for cultivation, one cell per well (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of fluorescent protein reporters in microbiology?

<p>Tracking live bacteria and bacterial processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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