lecture 15- ecology
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Questions and Answers

What aspect of community structure is highlighted by the distribution of abundance among species?

  • Keystone Species
  • Species Evenness (correct)
  • Species Richness
  • Dominants and Rare Species

Which category of species in a community has high abundance or influence?

  • Dominants and Rare Species (correct)
  • Species Richness
  • Basal Species
  • Keystone Species

Which term describes species with outsized ecological impacts relative to their abundance or biomass?

  • Basal Species
  • Functional Groups
  • Keystone Species (correct)
  • Dominants and Rare Species

What are networks of trophic interactions among species in a community called?

<p>Food Webs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to categories of species based on their ecological roles, such as trophic levels and guilds?

<p>Functional Groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the phenomenon where changes in one trophic level impact multiple other levels in a food web?

<p>Trophic cascade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interactions involve negative interactions mediated by shared enemies?

<p>Apparent competition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the variation in environmental conditions that influence species diversity and community structure?

<p>Environmental heterogeneity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the situation where one species benefits from another's interactions without affecting it directly?

<p>Indirect commensalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interaction involves an influential predator species that has a significant impact on the ecosystem?

<p>Keystone predation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept suggests that many endangered species are dependent on their host species for survival?

<p>Sixth mass coextinction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the sixth mass coextinction impact biodiversity and ecosystem function?

<p>It results in a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial for comprehensively assessing the conservation status of endangered species according to the text?

<p>Understanding parasite diversity and extinction risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do species interactions like competition, predation, and mutualism influence community structure?

<p>They play a role in structuring communities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of the sixth mass coextinction highlight regarding species within ecological communities?

<p>Their interdependence and potential consequences of species loss on associated parasites and mutualists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept underscores the importance of considering parasite diversity and extinction risk in community ecology studies?

<p>The sixth mass coextinction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are host-specific parasites especially vulnerable to extinction?

<p>They rely on a single host species for survival (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the extinction of a host species impact parasites and mutualists according to the text?

<p>It can lead to the extinction of parasites and mutualists dependent on the host (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which integral components of ecosystems contribute to stability, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity?

<p>Parasites and mutualists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In community ecology studies, what is often overlooked in relation to endangered species?

<p>The potential consequences on associated parasites and mutualists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does species richness measure in a community?

<p>The total number of different species in a community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does species evenness contribute to the balance in a community?

<p>By describing how evenly individuals are distributed among different species in a community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do dominant species play in a community?

<p>They influence the community by shaping its structure and function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the biological structure of communities refers to the specific species present and their relative abundances?

<p>Species Composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would a community exhibit high species evenness?

<p>If all species have similar abundance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of species plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure and function of an ecosystem despite their low abundance?

<p>Keystone species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do keystone species like sea otters and wolves regulate in their respective ecosystems?

<p>Herbivore populations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a tropical rainforest, which type of tree may overshadow other species and influence the microclimate below their canopy?

<p>Kapok trees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between food chains and food webs in depicting the flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems?

<p>Food chains show one-way energy flow while food webs show multi-directional interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the disproportionately large impact that certain species like sea otters and wolves have on the structure and function of an ecosystem?

<p>Keystone effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of community structure refers to the ecological role and habitat requirements of a species within its ecosystem?

<p>Functional groups: Guilds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In environments with low heterogeneity or high levels of disturbance, what is likely to happen to species evenness?

<p>Decrease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to species with outsized ecological impacts relative to their abundance or biomass?

<p>Keystone species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives variations in species abundance and community richness along gradients?

<p>Environmental gradients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can support higher species richness in areas with greater environmental heterogeneity?

<p>Diverse habitats and resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to lower species evenness in environments with low heterogeneity?

<p>High competition levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept refers to the relative abundance of different species within a community?

<p>Evenness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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