Enteric Protozoal Parasites Cryptosporidiosis Quiz

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What defines groundwater under the direct influence of surface water according to the US EPA?

Presence of insects or other macroorganisms

Algae or large-diameter pathogens

Substantial shifts in water characteristics correlated with weather conditions

All of the above (correct)

What is source water in the context of water treatment?

Water collected from underground aquifers

Water from rivers and lakes

Untreated raw water used to produce drinking water (correct)

Treated water used in drinking water production

What percentage of the earth's surface is covered by water?

Approximately 50%

About 70% (correct)

Less than 10%

Around 30%

Why is most of the earth's water considered unusable?

It is frozen in polar ice caps and glaciers Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the remaining 1% of readily accessible water for human use?

Surface freshwater sources like lakes and rivers Signup and view all the answers

What leads to water scarcity and water stress in certain regions according to the text?

Demand for water exceeding available supply Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main sources of drinking water used by the human population?

Rivers and lakes Signup and view all the answers

What is finished water as defined by Federal and State Water Authorities?

Water delivered to the distribution system after treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which type of water system uses water extracted from an aquifer as its source?

Groundwater system Signup and view all the answers

How much water does the average person in the United States use per day?

About 100 gallons Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the world's population lacks safe drinking water?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What poses a risk to public water supplies despite treatment of industrial discharges and sewage by most developed nations?

Contamination with arsenic and some microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of acute giardiasis?

Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

How is Cyclospora cayetanensis transmitted?

Through ingestion of contaminated food and water Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source of outbreaks involving Cyclospora cayetanensis?

Fresh produce like snow peas and raspberries Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium causes typhoid fever?

Salmonella serogroup Typhi Signup and view all the answers

How is E. coli mainly transmitted?

Contact with contaminated lakes, swimming pools, and water ingestion Signup and view all the answers

What are the main symptoms of cholera?

Vomiting and watery diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the infectious agent that causes cryptosporidiosis?

Cryptosporidium parvum Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with cryptosporidiosis?

Muscle pain Signup and view all the answers

How is amebiasis transmitted?

Via the ingestion of contaminated food and water Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates asymptomatic from symptomatic amebiasis?

Asymptomatic individuals do not excrete cysts in feces, while symptomatic individuals do Signup and view all the answers

Which protozoal organism is responsible for giardiasis?

Giardia intestinalis Signup and view all the answers

What makes giardiasis cysts particularly resilient?

They have the ability to survive for long periods in cold water Signup and view all the answers

What are two causes of viral gastroenteritis mentioned in the text?

Noroviruses and adenoviruses Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with norovirus infection according to the text?

Cramping Signup and view all the answers

How are adenoviruses most commonly spread?

Waterborne transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which viral pathogen can be spread via the fecal-oral route?

Hepatitis A virus Signup and view all the answers

What has been linked to outbreaks of Hepatitis A according to the text?

Consumption of raw or incompletely cooked clams Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception mentioned regarding norovirus infection?

It is caused by the influenza virus Signup and view all the answers