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Questions and Answers
Which action is most crucial for the RN to undertake to ensure the safe and accurate administration of prescribed enteral feedings?
Which action is most crucial for the RN to undertake to ensure the safe and accurate administration of prescribed enteral feedings?
- Ensuring prescription feedings are administered safely and accurately. (correct)
- Mixing medications directly into the enteral feeding formula for ease of administration.
- Allowing family members to administer enteral nutrition at home without RN supervision.
- Delegating the task of administering enteral feeding to assistive personnel (AP) after client assessment.
Why is it essential to avoid mixing medications directly into the enteral feeding formula?
Why is it essential to avoid mixing medications directly into the enteral feeding formula?
- It enhances the absorption rate of the medication, improving its effectiveness.
- It guarantees the medication is evenly distributed throughout the feeding.
- It simplifies the administration process and ensures the client receives all medications.
- It can alter the medication's action or cause the feeding tube to become blocked. (correct)
When reviewing a client's medical record prior to administering enteral nutrition, which laboratory values would be most important for the nurse to note to ensure client safety and efficacy of the feeding?
When reviewing a client's medical record prior to administering enteral nutrition, which laboratory values would be most important for the nurse to note to ensure client safety and efficacy of the feeding?
- Liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and bilirubin to assess hepatic function.
- Blood glucose, electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, CBC, and differential to evaluate metabolic and nutritional status. (correct)
- PT, INR, and platelet count to assess for bleeding risk.
- Arterial blood gases (ABGs) to assess respiratory and acid-base balance.
Before initiating an enteral feeding, the nurse assesses the client for gastrointestinal function alterations. Which finding would necessitate delaying the feeding and immediately notifying the provider?
Before initiating an enteral feeding, the nurse assesses the client for gastrointestinal function alterations. Which finding would necessitate delaying the feeding and immediately notifying the provider?
The nurse is preparing to administer an enteral feeding via a nasogastric tube. After confirming the provider's order and gathering supplies, what is the MOST important step to take prior to initiating the feeding?
The nurse is preparing to administer an enteral feeding via a nasogastric tube. After confirming the provider's order and gathering supplies, what is the MOST important step to take prior to initiating the feeding?
What is the rationale behind elevating the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees before and during the administration of enteral feeding?
What is the rationale behind elevating the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees before and during the administration of enteral feeding?
After confirming the correct placement of a nasogastric tube, the nurse aspirates gastric contents to measure the pH. What pH reading would indicate appropriate placement of the tube in the stomach?
After confirming the correct placement of a nasogastric tube, the nurse aspirates gastric contents to measure the pH. What pH reading would indicate appropriate placement of the tube in the stomach?
Why is it important to flush the feeding tube with 30 to 50 mL of water before and after administering an enteral feeding?
Why is it important to flush the feeding tube with 30 to 50 mL of water before and after administering an enteral feeding?
When administering an enteral feeding via syringe, what technique should the nurse employ to ensure the client's safety and tolerance of the feeding?
When administering an enteral feeding via syringe, what technique should the nurse employ to ensure the client's safety and tolerance of the feeding?
Following the administration of an enteral feeding, what is the recommended position for the client and why?
Following the administration of an enteral feeding, what is the recommended position for the client and why?
What special consideration should the nurse keep in mind when administering enteral nutrition to neonatal and pediatric clients?
What special consideration should the nurse keep in mind when administering enteral nutrition to neonatal and pediatric clients?
A client receiving continuous enteral feedings suddenly develops signs of aspiration, including decreased oxygen saturation, coughing, and wheezing. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A client receiving continuous enteral feedings suddenly develops signs of aspiration, including decreased oxygen saturation, coughing, and wheezing. What is the priority nursing intervention?
During continuous enteral feeding, the nurse discovers that the feeding tube is obstructed. Initial attempts to flush the tube with warm water are unsuccessful. What is the MOST appropriate next step?
During continuous enteral feeding, the nurse discovers that the feeding tube is obstructed. Initial attempts to flush the tube with warm water are unsuccessful. What is the MOST appropriate next step?
While administering an enteral feeding, the nurse inadvertently connects the enteral tubing to the client’s IV catheter. What is the immediate next step the nurse should take?
While administering an enteral feeding, the nurse inadvertently connects the enteral tubing to the client’s IV catheter. What is the immediate next step the nurse should take?
When documenting enteral feeding administration, what information is essential to include in the client's medical record to ensure comprehensive and accurate data?
When documenting enteral feeding administration, what information is essential to include in the client's medical record to ensure comprehensive and accurate data?
What is the primary rationale for changing enteral feeding bags and tubing every 24 hours?
What is the primary rationale for changing enteral feeding bags and tubing every 24 hours?
What should the nurse do with the enteral feeding bag after spiking it but before connecting it to the feeding tube?
What should the nurse do with the enteral feeding bag after spiking it but before connecting it to the feeding tube?
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving enteral nutrition and notes the patient has developed diarrhea. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving enteral nutrition and notes the patient has developed diarrhea. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
When initiating enteral nutrition for a patient, what is the importance of starting with a lower rate and gradually increasing it?
When initiating enteral nutrition for a patient, what is the importance of starting with a lower rate and gradually increasing it?
What is the most reliable method to verify the correct placement of a nasogastric tube immediately after insertion and before initiating enteral feeding?
What is the most reliable method to verify the correct placement of a nasogastric tube immediately after insertion and before initiating enteral feeding?
A patient receiving enteral nutrition develops a fever, and the nurse suspects a possible infection. What is the most appropriate and immediate nursing action?
A patient receiving enteral nutrition develops a fever, and the nurse suspects a possible infection. What is the most appropriate and immediate nursing action?
A home health nurse is teaching a patient's family how to administer enteral feedings. What is the most critical instruction to emphasize regarding infection control?
A home health nurse is teaching a patient's family how to administer enteral feedings. What is the most critical instruction to emphasize regarding infection control?
What is the most effective intervention to prevent aspiration in a patient receiving intermittent bolus enteral feedings?
What is the most effective intervention to prevent aspiration in a patient receiving intermittent bolus enteral feedings?
In a patient receiving continuous enteral nutrition, which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most vigilant about monitoring?
In a patient receiving continuous enteral nutrition, which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most vigilant about monitoring?
When administering medications through an enteral feeding tube, why is it essential to flush the tube before and after medication administration?
When administering medications through an enteral feeding tube, why is it essential to flush the tube before and after medication administration?
A nurse is assessing a patient receiving enteral nutrition and notes edema in the lower extremities. What potential complication should the nurse suspect?
A nurse is assessing a patient receiving enteral nutrition and notes edema in the lower extremities. What potential complication should the nurse suspect?
What is the most important consideration when selecting the type of enteral formula for a patient?
What is the most important consideration when selecting the type of enteral formula for a patient?
In a patient with a J-tube, what is a major difference in administration compared to a G-tube?
In a patient with a J-tube, what is a major difference in administration compared to a G-tube?
When assessing a patient's tolerance to enteral feeding, what is the significance of monitoring abdominal distension?
When assessing a patient's tolerance to enteral feeding, what is the significance of monitoring abdominal distension?
What is the correct procedure if a patient receiving continuous enteral feeding needs to go for a diagnostic test such as a CT scan?
What is the correct procedure if a patient receiving continuous enteral feeding needs to go for a diagnostic test such as a CT scan?
A child is ordered to receive an enteral feeding. What is the most appropriate way to verify tube placement?
A child is ordered to receive an enteral feeding. What is the most appropriate way to verify tube placement?
Parents are preparing to administer enteral feeding at home. Which instruction is most important to emphasize regarding formula preparation and handling?
Parents are preparing to administer enteral feeding at home. Which instruction is most important to emphasize regarding formula preparation and handling?
A patient with a history of recurrent aspiration pneumonia is prescribed enteral nutrition. What is the most appropriate strategy to minimize the risk of further aspiration events?
A patient with a history of recurrent aspiration pneumonia is prescribed enteral nutrition. What is the most appropriate strategy to minimize the risk of further aspiration events?
A patient receiving enteral nutrition develops hyperglycemia. What intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to implement first?
A patient receiving enteral nutrition develops hyperglycemia. What intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to implement first?
During the administration of enteral feeding, a nurse observes that the client's gastric residual volume is significantly higher than the established threshold. What is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention based on this finding?
During the administration of enteral feeding, a nurse observes that the client's gastric residual volume is significantly higher than the established threshold. What is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention based on this finding?
A patient receiving continuous enteral nutrition develops new onset hyperglycemia. After notifying the physician, the nurse anticipates which order?
A patient receiving continuous enteral nutrition develops new onset hyperglycemia. After notifying the physician, the nurse anticipates which order?
The nurse is caring for a client receiving enteral nutrition via a gastrostomy tube. The client reports discomfort at the insertion site, and the nurse observes redness and a small amount of purulent drainage. Which of the following interventions is the MOST appropriate initial action?
The nurse is caring for a client receiving enteral nutrition via a gastrostomy tube. The client reports discomfort at the insertion site, and the nurse observes redness and a small amount of purulent drainage. Which of the following interventions is the MOST appropriate initial action?
A nurse is preparing to administer medications via a client's enteral feeding tube. Which of the following nursing actions demonstrates a correct understanding of medication administration through this route?
A nurse is preparing to administer medications via a client's enteral feeding tube. Which of the following nursing actions demonstrates a correct understanding of medication administration through this route?
A patient with a history of frequent aspiration pneumonia is prescribed continuous enteral feedings. Which strategy is MOST crucial for the nurse to implement to reduce the risk of aspiration?
A patient with a history of frequent aspiration pneumonia is prescribed continuous enteral feedings. Which strategy is MOST crucial for the nurse to implement to reduce the risk of aspiration?
Flashcards
Enteral Nutrition
Enteral Nutrition
Delivering nutrition through a tube into the GI tract for clients unable to meet nutritional needs orally.
Enteral Feeding Tubes
Enteral Feeding Tubes
Tubes inserted into the GI tract to administer enteral nutrition, can be nasogastric, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy.
Bolus Feeding
Bolus Feeding
Administering enteral feeding using a syringe to deliver formula.
Enteral Feeding Infusion
Enteral Feeding Infusion
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Enteral Feeding Safety Measures
Enteral Feeding Safety Measures
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Medication Administration and Enteral Feedings
Medication Administration and Enteral Feedings
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Pre-Feeding Assessment
Pre-Feeding Assessment
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Pertinent Lab Values for Enteral Feeding
Pertinent Lab Values for Enteral Feeding
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Elevating Head of Bed
Elevating Head of Bed
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Confirming Enteral Tube Placement
Confirming Enteral Tube Placement
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Flushing Feeding Tube
Flushing Feeding Tube
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Formula Temperature
Formula Temperature
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Syringe Feeding Technique
Syringe Feeding Technique
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Labeling and Changing Tubing
Labeling and Changing Tubing
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Post-Feeding Position
Post-Feeding Position
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Ensuring Client Safety
Ensuring Client Safety
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Displaced Feeding Tube Intervention
Displaced Feeding Tube Intervention
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Nausea/Vomiting Intervention
Nausea/Vomiting Intervention
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Aspiration Intervention
Aspiration Intervention
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Obstructed Tube Intervention
Obstructed Tube Intervention
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Enteral Tubing Misconnection Intervention
Enteral Tubing Misconnection Intervention
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Enteral Feeding Documentation
Enteral Feeding Documentation
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Study Notes
Enteral Nutrition
- Enteral nutrition is for clients with functioning GI tracts who can't meet nutritional needs orally.
- It involves delivering nutrients through a tube inserted into the GI tract.
- Types of tubes include nasogastric, nasointestinal, gastrostomy (GT), and jejunostomy (J-tube).
- The choice of tube depends on why oral intake is insufficient and how long enteral nutrition is needed.
- Formulas are delivered via syringe for bolus feedings or enteral feeding bags for intermittent or continuous infusions.
- Infusions can be gravity-fed or pump-assisted.
- RNs ensure safe and accurate administration; PNs can administer after RN assessment.
- Assistive personnel (AP) cannot administer enteral feedings.
Safety Considerations
- Check clients for allergies, especially food allergies, to prevent allergic reactions.
- Verify client identification to ensure the correct procedure is performed on the correct individual.
- Use standard and infection control precautions to prevent transmission of infectious organisms.
- Clearly label enteral feeding tubing to avoid misconnections with nonenteral systems.
- Never mix medications directly into the feeding formula to prevent altered medication action or tube occlusion.
Equipment
- Nonsterile gloves and PPE, if indicated, are required.
- Other materials: Prescribed formula, feeding bag with tubing, stethoscope, alcohol preps, disposable pad, 60-mL syringe, IV pole, feeding infusion pump (if applicable), sterile water, and pH paper.
Step-by-Step Guide
Assessment/Data Collection
- Review medical records for allergies, medical history, medications, previous vital signs, lab values, and the provider's order.
- Pertinent lab values include blood glucose, protein, albumin, electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, CBC, and differential.
- Confirm the provider's prescription for formula type, administration route, rate, and amount.
- Assess for nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, absent bowel sounds, pain, tenderness, or rigidity
Planning
- Gather necessary supplies ensuring they are clean and functioning properly.
Implementation
- Provide privacy.
- Introduce yourself.
- Perform hand hygiene and apply PPE.
- Verify client identification with two identifiers.
- Confirm the client's allergy status.
- Educate the client about the procedure, addressing questions and concerns.
- Check formula expiration date.
- Elevate the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees to reduce aspiration risk.
- Confirm tube placement using at least two methods:
- Visual inspection and pH testing (pH should be 5 or less).
- Verify indelible marking.
- Capnography to rule out airway placement.
- If uncertain, withhold feeding and notify the provider.
- Flush the tube with 30-50 mL of water to prevent and check for occlusions.
- Disinfect the top of the formula can with an alcohol wipe before opening.
- Ensure formula is at room temperature to prevent gastric cramping.
Administration via Syringe (Bolus)
- Remove the plunger from the syringe.
- Pinch the feeding tube before inserting the syringe to prevent leakage,
- Pour the formula into the syringe and allow it to drain by gravity.
- Flush the tube with water per facility policy to prevent occlusions.
- Clamp the feeding tube, disconnect the syringe, and cover with the end cap.
- Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene.
Administration via Feeding Bag (Continuous/Intermittent)
- Label the bag and tubing per facility policy, changing tubing every 24 hours.
- Fill the bag with the prescribed amount of formula.
- Prime the feeding bag and tubing to prevent air from entering the stomach.
- Connect the feeding bag to the feeding tube port securely,
- Administer the feeding and water flush at the prescribed rate via pump or gravity.
- Clamp the feeding tube, stop the infusion, and cover the end cap.
- Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene
Upon Completion of Feeding
- Position the client on their right side, slightly upright, or in Fowler’s position for 30 minutes to prevent reflux and aspiration.
- Discuss findings with the client.
- Ensure client safety before leaving the room.
Client Considerations
- Enteral nutrition can be administered at home with proper training and RN supervision.
- Neonatal and pediatric clients require adjusted nutritional needs; flush with minimal volume (2-5 mL for pediatric, ≤1 mL for neonates).
Interventions for Unexpected Outcomes
- Withhold feedings and notify the provider for tube displacement; confirm placement with X-ray.
- For nausea, vomiting, or cramping: elevate the client, administer medications as prescribed, ensure formula is at room temperature, slow bolus feedings, and notify the provider if symptoms persist.
- For aspiration: remove the tube, position the client on their side with the head elevated, suction as needed, and notify the provider. Signs of aspiration include decreased O2 saturation, wheezing, coughing, choking, restlessness, and cyanosis.
- For tube obstruction: flush with warm water using gentle back-and-forth motion; consult facility policy for other methods. Do not use cranberry juice or carbonated beverages.
- For enteral tubing connected to a nonenteral system: notify the rapid response team and the provider immediately due to life-threatening risk.
Documentation
- Document GI assessment findings, tube placement confirmation, feeding date/time, formula type, volume, rate, delivery mode, flush type/amount, and the client's response.
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