Enteral Fluid Therapy for Horses Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the presumed cause of gastric dilatation in horses associated with overeating fermentable feedstuffs?

  • Lack of gastric motility
  • Excessive water intake
  • Increased production of volatile fatty acids (correct)
  • Decreased stomach acidity

    • In horses with certain colonic displacements, what is the most notable cause of gastric dilatation?

  • Proximal enteritis-jejunitis
  • Small intestine obstruction
  • Gastric reflux
  • Displaced colon obstructing duodenal outflow (correct)

    • What is a characteristic finding in horses with proximal enteritis-jejunitis?

  • Ileus
  • Gastric dilatation with fluid and gastric reflux (correct)
  • Increased stomach acidity
  • Gastric rupture

    • What is a common cause of approximately two-thirds of all gastric ruptures in horses?

    <p>Secondary to mechanical obstruction, ileus, and trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of proximal enteritis–jejunitis in horses?

    <p>Abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region has reported cases of proximal enteritis–jejunitis in horses?

    <p>Northeast US</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the survival rate associated with proximal enteritis–jejunitis in horses?

    <p>44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of proximal enteritis–jejunitis in horses?

    <p>Laminitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism's toxins are suspected to be involved in proximal enteritis–jejunitis?

    <p>Clostridium difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intussusception is most commonly observed in horses?

    <p>Ileo-ileal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor associated with enterolithiasis in horses?

    <p>Increased calcium concentration in the large colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do horses with enterolithiasis often have a history of recurring colic?

    <p>Because the enterolith(s) have previously caused colonic lumen obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of the large-colon contents from horses with enteroliths compared to those with colic not due to enteroliths?

    <p>Higher magnesium concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most striking clinical sign associated with gastric impaction in horses?

    <p>Severe abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to gastric impaction in horses?

    <p>Long-term corticosteroid use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of gastric impaction often made?

    <p>Surgical exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is mentioned for gastric impaction if identified during surgery?

    <p>Infusion of saline or water into the mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common differential diagnosis for ileal impaction in horses?

    <p>Proximal enteritis-jejunitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the ileum impaction most commonly identified during rectal examination?

    <p>Right caudal abdominal quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is NOT listed as a place where ileal impaction is most common?

    <p>France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested reason why ascarid impactions of the small intestine occur after administration of certain anthelmintics?

    <p>The anthelmintics inhibit the movement of the ascarids, causing a buildup in the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical sign associated with intra-abdominal adhesions in horses?

    <p>Recurrent colic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are intra-abdominal adhesions generally treated surgically in horses?

    <p>By transecting the adhesion, resecting the affected intestine, and performing anastomosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that can lead to the development of intra-abdominal adhesions in horses?

    <p>Excessive wound healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of ileal impaction persisting for an extended period in horses?

    <p>Formation of intra-abdominal adhesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does surgery for impactions in horses differ based on the extent of damage to the serosal surface of the small intestine?

    <p>The surgery is less likely to be successful if there is extensive damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should owners be informed about regarding adhesions in horses?

    <p>'Owners should be informed that adhesions are likely to recur and that the longterm prognosis for patients with extensive adhesions is poor.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Depending on the extent of damage to the serosal surface of the small intestine at the time of surgery, complications may develop several weeks after surgery due to intra-abdominal adhesions.' What part of the surgery outcome does this statement highlight?

    <p>'Potential complications due to serosal surface damage'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ascarid impaction should be suspected if the affected horse is a weanling or yearling, in poor condition, and has a recent history of deworming.' Why might these factors be indicative of ascarid impaction?

    <p>'These factors increase susceptibility to ascarid impactions'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Therapeutic agents purported to reduce the subsequent formation of additional adhesions then are used.' What is the main goal of using these therapeutic agents?

    <p>'To prevent or minimize further adhesion formation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are ascarid impactions different from other types of impactions in horses based on the text?

    <p>'Ascarid impactions often occur post-deworming'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why interest has increased in using enteral fluid therapy to treat horses with impactions?

    <p>It is substantially less expensive than intravenous fluid therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approach for addressing large-colon impactions that do not resolve with medical management?

    <p>Making a ventral midline celiotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis associated with impactions involving the large colon?

    <p>Survival rate of &gt;95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does sand commonly accumulate in horses causing impactions?

    <p>Right dorsal colon and transverse colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically necessary if sand completely obstructs the lumen of the transverse colon in horses?

    <p>Surgery via a ventral midline celiotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes abdominal pain caused by sand impaction from other conditions in horses?

    <p>Extreme pain due to gas distention proximal to obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment method for sand impaction in horses?

    <p>Intragastric administration of psyllium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended surgical procedure for a small-intestinal volvulus involving the distal aspect of the ileum in horses?

    <p>Performing a jejuno-cecal anastomosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor determines the prognosis for survival in horses with small-intestinal volvulus?

    <p>Duration of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In horses with a long period of illness preoperatively, what are they at increased risk of developing?

    <p>Peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested course of action if a significant portion of the small intestine must be removed in horses?

    <p>Consider euthanasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic finding in horses with colic due to pedunculated lipomas?

    <p>Increased number of RBCs in peritoneal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of clinical signs like depression and severe abdominal pain in horses with pedunculated lipomas?

    <p>Knot formation with the pedicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the rapid deterioration in metabolic status seen in horses with colic due to pedunculated lipomas?

    <p>Increased concentrations of protein and lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method can be used to identify distended loops of small intestine in horses with pedunculated lipomas?

    <p>Ultrasonographic evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common treatment approach for pedunculated lipomas causing colic in horses?

    <p>Perform a ventral midline celiotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences the prognosis for survival in horses with colic due to pedunculated lipomas?

    <p>Duration between onset of clinical signs and surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is required if a pedunculated lipoma occludes the lumen of the intestine and interferes with its blood supply?

    <p>Transect the pedicle and resect devitalized intestine if necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site for internal incarcerations in horses?

    <p>Mesenteric rents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What often occurs when a segment of small intestine becomes incarcerated due to mesenteric rents?

    <p>Volvulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age are horses most frequently affected by epiploic foramen entrapment?

    <p>&gt; 7 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is notably associated with epiploic foramen entrapment in horses?

    <p>Windsucking or cribbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for horses with mesenteric rents or epiploic foramen entrapments?

    <p>Surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common sites of impaction in horses?

    <p>Pelvic flexure region of the left colon, junction of the right dorsal colon with the transverse colon, and base and body of the cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique has been developed for evaluating and closing the space with mesh in horses with internal incarcerations?

    <p>Laparoscopic techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breeds were overrepresented among horses with cecal impaction in a clinical study?

    <p>Morgan, Arabian, and Appaloosa breeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breed of horses seems to have a better prognosis for survival when dealing with inguinal hernias?

    <p>Standardbred horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some predisposing factors for cecal impaction in horses?

    <p>Feed that is too coarse, diseased or poorly managed teeth, and insufficient water intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often a common sign in horses with inguinal hernias that have occurred within hours?

    <p>&quot;Ping&quot; during rectal palpation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been speculated as a reason for impaction of the cecum in affected horses?

    <p>Abnormal cecal muscular activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a swollen, firm, and cool to the touch testis indicate in horses with inguinal hernias?

    <p>Presence of an inguinal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique may be attempted if an inguinal hernia with an edematous intestine has occurred and manual reduction is not possible?

    <p>Surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic sign seen in horses with simple impactions of the cecum or large colon?

    <p>Mild intermittent signs of colic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a rectal examination reveal in horses with inguinal hernias?

    <p>Distended loops of small intestine and gastric reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is diagnosis typically made for impactions in horses?

    <p>Rectal examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dictates the prognosis for survival when dealing with inguinal hernias in horses?

    <p>The time between onset and surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered to be the most common site of obstruction in large colon impactions?

    <p>Pelvic flexure region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature used to identify impaction of the cecum in horses?

    <p>'Taut ventral cecal band' and 'fat and blood vessels overlying the medial cecal band'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Medical treatment in some clinical studies has been unsuccessful in 50% of cases.' What has been strongly recommended as an alternative to this approach?

    <p>Surgical removal of impacting mass followed by an ileocolostomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mainstay of treatment for horses with cecal or large-colon impaction according to many veterinarians?

    <p>Aggressive fluid therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should feed be restricted until an impaction is relieved in horses?

    <p>To aid in relieving the impaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be controversial regarding the treatment methods for horse impactions according to the text?

    <p>The surgical vs. medical treatment approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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