ENT History and Examination
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Questions and Answers

Which condition is more common in female patients?

  • Juvenile angiofibroma
  • Presbyacusis
  • Nasal obstruction
  • Otosclerosis (correct)
  • Chronic illnesses that reduce immunity do not play a role in ENT history.

    False

    What is a common occupational risk factor for hearing loss?

    Noise exposure

    A condition characterized by a low-set pinna is known as __________.

    <p>Treacher Collins syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their associated findings:

    <p>Ramsay Hunt syndrome = Vesicles in pinna Battle sign = Bruise behind the ear Acoustic neuroma = Deafness Bell’s palsy = No other CNS symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly reported in patients with ear discharge?

    <p>Swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facial asymmetry can occur from trauma or congenital factors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hearing loss is commonly associated with presbyacusis?

    <p>Age-related hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ENT History and Examination

    • Outpatient ENT attendance is mostly due to airway and neck disorders, which can be emergencies. Airway disorders are often emergencies, and neck disorders can compromise airway and circulation, making them similarly urgent.

    Biodata

    • Name: Include identification, rapport, recording, and courtesy.
    • Age: Allergic conditions often occur in middle age, while adenoids are more common in children. Malignancy and presbyacusis (age-related hearing loss) are more common in older age groups.
    • Sex: Juvenile angiofibromas are more common in males. Otosclerosis is more common in females. Certain cancers (Ca) are more prevalent in males, while Plummer Vinson syndrome is more prevalent in females.
    • Occupation: Nodules are associated with professions involving shouting (hawkers, screamers, pastors, high-tone singers). Noise-induced hearing loss is related to occupations such as construction work. Barotrauma is common in divers and pilots. Laryngoceles are sometimes seen in trumpet players.

    Past History

    • Chronic illnesses: Chronic illnesses can reduce immunity, increasing susceptibility to ENT problems.
    • Drug use: Ototoxic drugs and substance abuse can cause problems, such as septal perforation.
    • Neonatal history: A history of neonatal health conditions may indicate potential ENT issues.
    • Head injury: Head injury can lead to complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, facial nerve palsy, and hearing loss.

    Personal Social History

    • Smoking and alcohol: Smoking, and consuming alcohol, can increase the risk of ENT cancers and other issues.
    • Genetic disorders: Certain genetic disorders, such as Alport syndrome and otosclerosis, can affect the ear.
    • Sexual patterns: Human papillomavirus (HPV) and oropharyngeal cancer can develop from risky sexual patterns.

    Nasal History

    • Facial asymmetry: Facial asymmetry can be due to birth trauma, congenital issues, or head injuries (temporal bone fractures).
    • Vesicles in pinna: These vesicles could be a symptom of Ramsay Hunt syndrome.
    • Ear discharge: Ear discharge can be indicative of compression, acoustic neuroma, or other issues.
    • Deafness: Deafness may be due to compression or acoustic neuroma.
    • No other symptoms: Bell's palsy can be caused by no other symptom.
    • Other CNS symptoms: Other central nervous system symptoms might point to a CNS lesion.

    Examination of the Ear

    • Pinna:
      • Size: Variations can point to abnormalities; microtia or anotia indicate abnormal size.
      • Shape: Bat ear/cauliflower shape implies a deformity. Low-set ears may indicate Treacher Collins syndrome.
      • Site: Location on the head can indicate a problem.
      • Tenderness: Tenderness implies inflammation or infection.
      • Vesicles: Vesicles can indicate a disease.
      • Preauricular: A preauricular pit can be a normal variation. A preauricular pit along with other abnormalities might point to a more serious condition.
      • Pit: A pit in a preauricular location can be normal anatomy, but some pit(s) might indicate a potential syndrome.
      • Sinus: A sinus in the pinna can indicate a potential infection or other problem.
      • Cyst: A cyst can be a normal or abnormal variation.
    • Post-auricular:
      • Scar: A scar might indicate previous surgeries.
      • Edema: Swelling in the post-auricular area can be a sign.
      • Bruise: Bruises can be a sign of trauma.
      • Battle sign: Facial contusions are characteristic of a basilar skull fracture.
      • Mastoid: Tenderness, swelling, or other abnormalities in the mastoid region may suggest infection (mastoiditis) or abscess.
      • Lost sulcus: A lost sulcus usually points to furunculosis of the mastoid area.
      • Protrusion of pinna: Protrusion of the pinna could point to an infection, abscess, or other problems.
    • Ear Examination Grades: Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 describe different degrees of external ear differences. Grade 4 includes complete absence of the external ear and external ear canal.
    • Ear Examination Additional Observations: Include photos, imaging, and notes about any findings, such as hemotympanum or other injuries, depending on clinical situations.
    • EAC (External Auditory Canal): Concerning issues in the ear canal include discharge, foreign bodies, swelling, and masses.
    • Tympanic Membrane: Regarding tympanic membrane, note perforation, inflammation, cone of light, retraction of the malleus handle, or fluid.
    • Tuning Forks: Weber and Rinne tests assess hearing function to differentiate between conductive and sensorineural hearing deficits. Results are explained in a table format that indicates the different pathologies for different situations.

    Facial Nerve

    • Facial nerve examination looks for any abnormalities.

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    ENT History and Examination PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential aspects of outpatient ENT attendance, focusing on airway and neck disorders that can be emergencies. It also delves into the significance of biodata, including age, sex, and occupation in relation to ENT conditions.

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