ENT and Eye Anesthesia

What are three potential postoperative complication associated with bilateral neck dissection?

Which position is typically recommended for a patient undergoing laryngectomy during surgery?

What is a primary goal during the preoperative assessment for patients undergoing major head and neck surgeries?

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the innervation of the lateral rectus muscle?

What is the function of the optic nerve in relation to the eye?

In the context of the oculocardiac reflex, what is the afferent limb?

What are the contributing causes to the oculocardiac reflex phenomenon?

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle, allowing for eye closure?

What are the actions to take before a surgeon performs a tracheal transection? select 3

Which type of laryngectomy involves the removal of both true and false cords along with the epiglottis, cricoid cartilage, and 2-3 tracheal rings?

What are the complications associated with tracheostomy placement? select all that apply

In the case of a tracheostomy management, what is the correct approach if ventilation is difficult?

Which statement is true regarding the surgical procedure stapedotomy?

What is important to remember regarding nasal instrumentation with Le Fort fractures?

What is the expected outcome of a partial laryngectomy?

What characterizes the NIM tube during intraoperative procedures?

Which ventilation technique involves high psi (60) and can be performed supraglottic, transtracheal, or via bronchoscope ?

What are the risks associated with using reinforced/armored tubes?

What is one disadvantage of using the intermittent apnea technique for ventilation?

Which type of airway device is not intended for patients who remain intubated postoperatively? select 2

What is the role of throat packs during a surgical procedure?

What is one advantage of using THRIVE in airway management?

Which ventilation method uses alternating periods of ventilation and apnea coordinated with surgical work?

What is the primary reason to postpone the ear tube procedure or tonsillectomy?

What are the key preoperative evaluations for patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy?

In pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy, what is the recommended method for induction?

Which is a risk factor for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage? select 3

What is the primary concern when recognizing bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroidectomy?

What is advised regarding the use of sedatives before an ear tube procedure?

Why is the 'Rule of 10' significant for cleft palate and cleft lip surgical repair? select 2

Which sign is indicative of acute hypocalcemia during parathyroidectomy?

What should be done during closing of a tonsillectomy to prevent regurgitation of stomach contents?

What is the recommended anesthetic management for patients undergoing parathyroidectomy?

What is the primary method to manage bradycardia during pediatric strabismus repair?

Which factors directly contribute to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP)? select all that apply

What is the normal range for intraocular pressure (IOP) measured in mmHg?

Which type of glaucoma medication can cause systemic hypertension?

Which of the following agents is known to increase intraocular pressure shortly after administration?

What is the primary action of alpha-2 agonists utilized in glaucoma management?

What is the purpose of permissive hypotension (MAP 20% below baseline) during surgery, and what additional piece of equipment is required as part of your setup?

Match each specialty ETT with its proper use/description:

What is the purpose of antisialagogues akak anticholinergics?

What quaternary amine anticholinergic is noted for its longer duration of action and does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

What are the benefits of corticosteroids in ENT procedures? (Select all that apply)

What is a benefit of LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway) use during ENT procedures? (Select all that apply)

How is tracheal gas insufflation performed?

What is a disadvantage of jet ventilation?

What are the characteristics of lasers? (Select all that apply)

What characteristic of lasers is determined by the medium used?

What is the relationship between wavelength and water absorption in lasers?

What is the relationship between wavelength and tissue penetration in lasers?

Which of the following are examples of mediums used in laser surgery? (Select all that apply)

What type of laser is used in surgeries around the larynx due to its shallow depth of penetration and precision?

What type of laser is commonly used for nasal surgery and tonsillectomies?

What is the minimum prep solutions should dry to prevent fire?

What is the triad of fire in the OR?

What adaptations are appropriate for high fire risk procedures? (Select 2)

Why can N2O be used in BMT procedures?

When does postoperative bleeding typically occur after a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A)?

What is the most common pediatric airway emergency?

When should an orogastric tube (OGT) be placed when managing a post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage?

What does STUBR stand for in the context of sleep disordered breathing assessment?

What is contraindicated in cleft lip procedures during emergence?

Which two nerves associated with breathing lie close to the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland?

What medications should be taken to optimize a patient with hyperthyroidism? (Select all that apply)

A patient undergoing a thyroidectomy is hypotensive. What type of medication should be administered?

What postoperative complications are associated with thyroidectomies? (Select all that apply)

What is the expected outcome of a unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury?

What is the expected outcome of an injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN)?

How would a patient with hypocalcemia present? (Select all that apply)

What should be included in your preparation for a radical neck dissection? (Select all that apply)

What hormone increases calcium levels?

During a radical neck dissection, a patient exhibits widening of blood pressure and heart rate variation despite minimal blood loss. What is the likely cause?

What is the appropriate way to preoxygenate a patient during tracheostomy if a surgeon is using electrocautery to enter the trachea?

A patient presents with signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia after undergoing a hemi-mandibulectomy. What is the likely cause?

What is required for a patient to ventilate independently after a laryngectomy?

What are the general implications of ear procedures? (Select all that apply)

What two nerves that branch off the trigeminal nerve provide tactile sensation to the nose?

What should be anticipated during sinus and nasal procedures? (Select all that apply)

What is the purpose of keeping one eye untapped during sinus surgery?

What is the common site of foreign body aspiration?

Your patient aspirated while supine. Where is the most likely site of aspiration?

Your patient aspirated while standing. What is the most likely site of aspiration?

What can make mask ventilation difficult or impossible after cleft palate surgery? select all that apply

What area of the eye contains no blood vessels and is sensitive to pain?

LR6, SO4, R3 = Lateral rectus is CN 6, superior oblique is CN4, rest are all CN3

Where are rods and cones located in the eye?

What nerve is responsible for the dilation and constriction (miosis/mydriasis) of the pupil?

What serves as the afferent branch of the corneal and lacrimation reflex?

What serves as the efferent limb of the oculocardiac reflex?

Match the structure to its function:

Which two cranial nerves work together to change pupil size?

What anesthetic agent should be avoided during surgical procedures involving lasers because it supports combustion?

What anesthetic technique is preferred for use during High-Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV)?

Which anesthetic technique is appropriate for foreign body aspiration below the larynx?

Which anesthetic technique is appropriate for foreign body aspiration above the larynx?

What is necessary prior to the insertion of a rigid bronchoscope?

How is oxygen and inhalation agent delivery achieved during a rigid bronchoscopy?

Which of the following endotracheal tubes (ETT) would be most appropriate for a dental procedure?

What complication is most common in pediatric strabismus repair?

What is intraocular pressure determined by?

Where is aqueous humor produced?

Where does aqueous humor enter and exit in the eye?

What is the Goldman equation as it relates to intraocular pressure (IOP)?

What is the normal intraocular pressure (IOP)?

What is the effect of succinylcholine on intraocular pressure (IOP)?

What is the effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (NDNMBDs) on intraocular pressure (IOP)? select 2

Which of the following agents can reduce intraocular pressure (IOP)? select all that apply

What movement is controlled by the lateral rectus muscle and which CN is it innervated by?

What movement is controlled by the superior oblique muscle and which cranial nerve (CN) innervates it?

What cranial nerve provides motor innervation to most of the extraocular muscles?

What are the two most common complications after thyroid surgery?

Which nerve is most commonly injured during thyroid surgery?

Hypoparathyroidism secondary to the inadvertent surgical resection of the parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy typically results in airway symptoms of hypocalcemia how many hours postoperatively?

Of the following medical lasers, which laser light penetrates tissues the most?