Enoxaparin Sodium Overview and Dosage Guidelines

Study Notes

Enoxaparin Sodium Overview

Brand name: Lovenox, utilized as an anticoagulant.
Therapeutic class includes anticoagulants, while pharmacology class specifies antithrombotics, particularly low molecular weight heparins.

Pregnancy and Administration

Classified as pregnancy category B, indicating no proven risk in humans.
Administered via subcutaneous injections (SQ) or intravenously (IV).

Dosage Guidelines

DVT/Prophylaxis:
- Knee replacement: 30 mg every 12 hours starting 12-24 hours post-surgery.
- Hip replacement: 40 mg 12 hours pre-surgery, then once daily for up to 3 weeks post-discharge.
- Abdominal surgery: 40 mg 2 hours prior to surgery, then every 24 hours for 7-12 days (up to 14 days).
Treatment of DVT/PE:
- Outpatient: 1 mg/kg every 12 hours; Inpatient: either 1 mg/kg every 12 hours or 1.5 mg/kg every 24 hours.
Angina/Non-Q-wave MI:
- 1 mg/kg every 12 hours for 2-8 days.
Renal Impairment:
- Reduced dosages recommended based on kidney function for surgery and DVT treatment.

Mechanism of Action

Functions as a low molecular weight heparin that primarily inhibits factor Xa, enhancing the inhibition of activated clotting proteases via antithrombin III.
Usually does not affect prothrombin time (PT) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT).

Therapeutic Uses

Effective in preventing DVT after abdominal surgeries and surgeries involving hip or knee replacements.
Used for treating DVT and pulmonary embolism both in outpatient and inpatient settings.
Helps prevent secondary heart attacks and complications following a heart attack.

Common and Serious Side Effects

Common side effects include:
- Bleeding
- Fever
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Fluid retention
Serious side effects encompass:
- Liver damage
- Thrombocytopenia (reduction in blood platelets)
- Major bleeding events
- Severe local reactions, including skin necrosis and hypersensitivity

Monitoring Requirements

Monitor for signs of bleeding: gums, nosebleeds, unusual bruising, and changes in vital signs (hematocrit, blood pressure).
Check for signs of thrombosis and hypersensitivity.
Regularly assess injection sites for adverse reactions.
Lab tests including CBC, platelet count, and stools for occult blood should be conducted.

Drug Interactions

Increased bleeding risk when taken with other anticoagulants or drugs affecting platelet function, such as warfarin, NSAIDs, and thrombolytic agents.

Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of Enoxaparin Sodium, a key anticoagulant. It includes details on its therapeutic classification, pregnancy safety, administration routes, and specific dosage guidelines for various medical conditions. Test your knowledge on this important medication and its applications!