Enlightenment Perspectives

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During the 18th century, the suburbs were primarily occupied by which of the following groups?

Poor and offensive tradespeople (correct)

Wealthy merchants

Leading business figures

Urban elite

Which group dominated the urban communities in the 18th century?

Leading business figures

Urban elite

Wealthy merchants (correct)

Professionals

Which factors led to hunger and discontentment in both urban and rural areas in the 1780s?

Poor grain yields

Looming national bankruptcy

Rising food prices

All of the above (correct)

Which of the following best describes the population dynamics in cities during the 18th century?

High mortality rates and low birth rates Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of taste in 18th-century Europe?

It defined a person's social status Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key advancements in agriculture during the 18th century?

Development of winter cattle feeding Signup and view all the answers

How were women's societal roles affected during the Enlightenment?

Their roles remained largely unchanged Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary cause of death for children during the 18th century?

Childhood illness Signup and view all the answers

During the 18th century, Europe experienced a transition towards

The democratic age of inalienable rights Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people often had little in common with the Enlightened thinkers and Parisians in France?

The rural communities Signup and view all the answers

What aspects of the life of poor European peasants were highlighted in folktales like Hansel and Gretel?

The constant threat of hunger Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the reasons for the pervasive sense of unease in Europe during the 18th century?

The exemption of clergy and nobles from taxes Signup and view all the answers

Who had to pay taxes levied by royalty in France during the 18th century?

The peasants Signup and view all the answers

What did small farmers in Europe often face due to the actions of rich landowners during the 18th century?

Forced eviction from their small holdings Signup and view all the answers

What did cities in Europe need to do in order to grow or expand during the 18th century?

Draw in the rural poor and unemployed Signup and view all the answers

Who was E.P Thomas?

A historian who examined the perspectives of lower class and peasants Signup and view all the answers

During the 18th century, what were some common parenting practices that were condemned?

Swaddling and wrapping tight bonnets around a child's head Signup and view all the answers

What was the perception of upper-class women towards breastfeeding in the 18th century?

They regarded it as crude and demeaning Signup and view all the answers

How were children mostly treated by their parents in the 18th century?

With indifference Signup and view all the answers

What was the age range for compulsory education in the 18th century?

7-12 Signup and view all the answers

Which country was the first to establish compulsory education?

Prussia Signup and view all the answers

What were some common forms of entertainment for the lower classes in the 18th century?

Bloodsports such as baiting and cock-fighting Signup and view all the answers

What were some common themes in the pamphlets read by the lower classes in the 18th century?

Religious material, guides on cleanliness and nourishment, and entertainment literature Signup and view all the answers

What were the Estates-General in France made up of?

Representatives from the clergy, nobility, and commons Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of recalling the Estates-General in France in 1789?

To solve the economic crisis and negotiate tax increases Signup and view all the answers

During the 18th century, upper-class women regarded breastfeeding as crude and demeaning because they commonly used wet nurses and saw it as ______.

indifference Signup and view all the answers

In the 18th century, many children failed to receive any formal education, with most of their education coming from their ______.

parents Signup and view all the answers

In the 18th century, the lower classes in Europe were very ______ and would turn to magic to ensure the health of their child.

superstitious Signup and view all the answers

One of the favorite themes in the pamphlets read by the lower classes in the 18th century was ______.

hunger, sex, and oppression Signup and view all the answers

The Estates-General in France were made up of representatives from the levels of society: First Estate Clergy, Second Estate Nobility, Third Estate Commons, and Fourth Estate ______.

Press Signup and view all the answers